Table 5.
(A) Results (FWE‐corrected p < .05 for cluster‐level inference) of group General Linear Model for the contrasts: neutral > rest, consonance > rest, dissonance > rest, dissonance > consonance and consonance > dissonance. (B) Results of group psychophysiological interaction analysis (PPI) with seed voxels (sphere with a 6 mm radius) located around highest peak for each subject within the left rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex and the left Medial Prefrontal Cortex, for the regions that significantly differed in the SPM contrast dissonance > consonance. The regions described showed stronger positive functional connectivity with the left rostral anterior cingulate cortex during the dissonant condition compared to the consonant condition
| Region | Peak MNI | Voxels | Max t‐value (z‐value) | Mean t (std.) | p‐value (FWE) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) Subtractive analysis | |||||
| Neutral > rest | |||||
| Temporal sup L | −54 –43 13 | 256 | 7.56 (4.79) | 4.73 (0.70) | <.0001 |
| Temporal mid L | 158 | 4.80 (0.75) | Within Cl. | ||
| Heschl L | 19 | 4.15 (0.34) | Within Cl. | ||
| Rolandic Oper L | 18 | 4.16 (0.33) | Within Cl. | ||
| SupraMarginal L | 11 | 4.07 (0.28) | Within Cl. | ||
| Temporal sup R | 60 –31 1 | 272 | 8.35 (4.72) | 5.17 (1.05) | <.0001 |
| Temporal mid R | 113 | 5.21 (1.13) | Within Cl. | ||
| Heschl R | 14 | 4.19 (0.35) | Within Cl. | ||
| Consonance > rest | |||||
| Temporal sup L | −51 –22 4 | 87 | 5.41 (3.97) | 4.36 (0.43) | <.0001 |
| Heschl L | 22 | 4.11 (0.32) | Within Cl. | ||
| Rolandic Oper L | 4 | 3.86 (0.07) | Within Cl. | ||
| Temporal mid L | 5 | 3.85 (0.06) | Within Cl. | ||
| Temporal sup R | 51 –16 1 | 83 | 4.94 (3.75) | 4.17 (0.32) | 0.007 |
| Heschl R | 10 | 3.96 (0.18) | Within Cl. | ||
| Dissonance > rest | |||||
| Temporal sup L | −18 –34 16 | 194 | 6.88 (4.56) | 4.51 (0.60) | <.0001 |
| Heschl_L | 40 | 4.41 (0.49) | Within Cl. | ||
| Rolandic_Oper_L | 13 | 4.00 (0.15) | Within Cl. | ||
| Temporal_Mid_L | 15 | 3.93 (0.15) | Within Cl. | ||
| SupraMarginal_L | 2 | 4.00 (0.13) | Within Cl. | ||
| Temporal_Sup_R | 60 –16 1 | 115 | 6.26 (4.33) | 4.39 (0.58) | .038 |
| Rolandic_Oper_R | 13 | 4.06 (0.18) | Within Cl. | ||
| Dissonance > consonance | |||||
| Anterior cingulate L | −9 47 10 | 5 | 4.70 (3.63) | 4.30 (0.27) | .047 |
| Medial prefrontal L | −12 50 10 | 17 | 4.53 (3.54) | 4.08 (0.23) | .022 |
| Parietal sup. L | −15 –64 43 | 7 | 4.70 (3.63) | 4.24 (0.32) | * uncorrected p < .001 |
| Occipital sup. R | 21–73 37 | 1 | 4.91 (3.73) | 4.90 (0.18) | * uncorrected p < .001 |
| Cuneus R. | 18–73 37 | 1 | 5.13 (3.84) | 5.12 (0.18) | * uncorrected p < .001 |
| Temporal mid. L | −51 –49 –2 | 6 | 4.36 (3.45) | 4.01 (0.20) | * uncorrected p < .001 |
| Consonance > dissonance | |||||
| (no significant activations were observed) | |||||
| (B) Functional connectivity analysis | |||||
| Seed region (6 mm radius sphere) located around highest peak for each subject within the left rostral anterior cingulate cortex | |||||
| PPI – dissonance > consonance | |||||
| Temporal sup. L | −57 –16 4 | 16 | 4.80 (3.52) | 3.41 (0.29) | 0.047 |
| Heschl L | −60 –10 10 | 5 | 3.41 (2.89) | 3.15 (0.17) | Cl. |
| Temporal sup. R | 57 –4 4 | 23 | 4.42 (3.34) | 3.21 (0.22) | 0.034 |
| Heschl R | 54 –7 7 | 9 | 3.61 (3.01) | 3.19 (0.23) | Cl. |
| Seed region (6 mm radius sphere) located around highest peak for each subject within the left medial prefrontal cortex | |||||
| (no significant results were observed) | |||||
Note: * indicates significant results at uncorrected p < .001, but not significant at p < .05 FWE‐corrected for cluster‐level inference.
Abbreviations: L, left; R, right; within Cl., areas integrating the above detailed cluster‐level p‐value.