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. 2020 Apr 10;117(15):253–260. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2020.0253

eTable 2. Influence of socioeconomic status, education, income, and work on accurate BMI categorization.

Study Categories Comparison*1 Prevalence of accurate BMI categorization Result [95% CI]
Socioeconomic status
Akgöz 2017 Lower middle class, middle class, upper middle class, and upper class Lower middle class vs. upper middle class and upper class 56/197 (28.4%) vs. 32/70 (45.7%) OR: 0.47 [0.27; 0.83]
Griger 2015 Low, middle, high Low vs. high Women: 49/98 (50.1%) vs. 139/247 (56.3%)Men: 55/95 (58.4%) vs. 92/172 (53.5%) Total: 104/193 (53.9%) vs. 231/419 (55.1%) OR*2: 0.95 [0.68; 1.34]
Education (highest educational attainment)
Akgöz 2017 Primary school or less, secondary school & upper secondary school, university & higher Primary school vs. university 49/180 (27.2%) vs. 25/46 (54.3%) OR: 0.31 [0.16; 0.61]
Akindele 2017 Primary school, secondary education, tertiary education, graduates Primary school vs. graduates aOR: 1.02 [0.50; 2.11]
Akinpelu 2015 Illiterate, primary, secondary, tertiary education Illiterate vs. tertiary education 44/78 (56.4%) vs. 10/21 (47.6%) OR: 1.42 [0.54; 3.74]
Barichella 2011 Years of education 1 year less education aOR: 0.84 [0.71; 1.01]
Dorosty 2014 ≤ 12 years, >12 years ≤ 12 years vs. >12 years 61/94 (64.9 %) vs. 320/448 (71.4 %) aOR*4: 0.45 [0.21; 0.96]
Irani 2007 <8 years, >8 years but not university, university, graduates <8 years vs. university or graduates 6/60 (10.9 %) vs. 55/149 (36.9 %) OR: 0.19 [0.08; 0.47]
Jeffs 2016 Attended high school, secondary school leaving certificate, university degree Attended high school, vs. university degree 67/121 (55.4%) vs. 276/382 (72.2%) OR*3: 0.48 [0.31; 0.73]
Minsky 2013 Secondary school-leaving certificate or less, attended university Secondary school-leaving certificate or less vs. attended university 171/427 (40.3%) vs. 80/162 (49.4%) OR: 0.68 [0.48; 0.99]
Monteagudo 2015 Low (primary school), middle (secondary school), high (university) Low vs. high 144/293 (49.0 %) vs. 173/271 (63.9 %) OR: 0.55 [0.39; 0.77]
Mueller 2014 Less than secondary school-leaving certificate, secondary school-leaving certificate, attended university, university degree, graduates Less than secondary school-leaving certificate vs. graduates n.s./31 vs. n.s./122 aOR*4: 0.41 [0.16; 0.97]
Murillo 2016 No secondary school-leaving certificate, secondary school-leaving certificate No secondary school-leaving certificate vs. secondary school-leaving certificate 2448/3708 (66.0%) vs. 3154/4284 (73.6%) OR*3: 0.41 [0.16; 0.97]
Rahman 2010 Attended secondary school, secondary school-leaving certificate, attended university Attended secondary school vs. attended university OW: 183/259 (70.6%) vs. 319/370 (86.2%)NW: 167/197 (84.8%) vs. 270/330 (81.8%) Total: 350/456 (76.8%) vs. 589/700 (84.1%) OR: 0.62 (0.46–0.84)
Rouiller 2016 Low (compulsory education or apprenticeship), middle (upper secondary school), high (university degree) Low vs. high 1819/2513 (72.4%) vs. 788/1040 (75.8%) OR: 0.84 [0.71; 0.99]
Income
Akgöz 2017 Income < expenses, income = expenses, income > expenses Income < expensesvs. income > expenses 60/191(31.4%) vs. 7/10 (70%) OR: 0.20 [0.05; 0.79]
Harris 2016 <$ 15 000. ≥ $ 15 000 <$ 15 000 vs. ≥ $ 15 000 6/72 (8.3%) vs. 13/46 (28.3%) OR: 0.23 [0.08; 0.66]
Rahman 2010 < $ 30 000. ≥ $ 30 000 <$ 30 000 vs. ≥ $ 30 000 OW: 716/923 (77.6%) vs. 120/147 (81.6%)NW: 680/814 (83.5%) vs. 122/139 (87.8%) Total: 1396/1737 (80.4%) vs. 242/286 (84.6%) OR: 0.74 [0.53; 1.05]
Work
Akindele 2017 Unemployed, retired, employed Unemployed vs. employed aOR*4: 0.39 [0.16; 0.94]
Akinpelu 2015 Unemployed, blue-collar, white-collar Unemployed vs. white-collar 24/34 (70.6 %) vs. 7/19 (36.8 %) OR: 4.11 [1.25; 13.51]

*1Lowest vs. highest category, *2 Analysis was performed for normal-weight persons; in the study a comparison with the middle category was undertaken (with reporting of adjusted ORs), *3 adjusted ORs (aOR) are only reported for overestimation and underestimation, *4 Recalculation from inverse data; n.s., not stated; NW, normal weight; OW, overweight