Table. Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2-tested individuals at the COVID-19 rapid response infrastructure at University Hospital Cologne and predictors for positive test results by univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany, 27 February–12 March 2020 (n = 746).
| SARS-CoV-2 positive n = 73 | SARS-CoV-2 negative n = 673 | Univariable regressiona | Multivariable regressiona | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | Median | IQR | n | % | Median | IQR | OR | 95% CI | p value | OR | 95% CI | p value | |
| Male | 45 | 62 | NA | NA | 320 | 48 | NA | NA | 1.78 | 1.09–2.91 | 0.023 | 1.85 | 1.00–3.42 | 0.05 |
| Age in years | NA | NA | 43 | 35–54 | NA | NA | 35 | 27–48 | 1.04 | 10.3–1.06 | < 0.001 | 1.05 | 1.03–1.07 | < 0.001 |
| Risk factor | ||||||||||||||
| Contactb | 37 | 51 | NA | NA | 319 | 47 | NA | NA | 2.46 | 1.07–5.67 | 0.035 | 3.09 | 1.21–7.90 | 0.018 |
| Areac | 32 | 44 | NA | NA | 188 | 28 | NA | NA | 3.97 | 1.70–9.22 | 0.001 | 4.19 | 1.63–10.8 | 0.003 |
| None | 4 | 6 | NA | NA | 166 | 25 | NA | NA | ref | ref | NA | ref | ref | NA |
| Symptomsd,e | ||||||||||||||
| Yes | 67 | 92 | NA | NA | 483 | 72 | NA | NA | 4.39 | 1.87–11.0 | 0.001 | d | d | NA |
| Days since onset of symptomsf | NA | NA | 3 | 1–5 | NA | NA | 4 | 2–7 | 0.89 | 0.81–0.97 | 0.007 | 0.87 | 0.78–0.96 | 0.008 |
| Cough | 54 | 74 | NA | NA | 353 | 53 | NA | NA | 2.58 | 1.49–4.45 | 0.001 | 1.73 | 0.79–3.89 | 0.173 |
| Muscle or body aches | 33 | 45 | NA | NA | 88 | 13 | NA | NA | 5.49 | 3.29–9.16 | < 0.001 | 3.85 | 2.02–7.34 | < 0.001 |
| Fever | 28 | 38 | NA | NA | 114 | 17 | NA | NA | 3.05 | 1.83–5.10 | < 0.001 | 2.14 | 1.12–4.05 | 0.02 |
| Headache | 23 | 32 | NA | NA | 129 | 19 | NA | NA | 1.94 | 1.14–3.30 | 0.014 | 1.09 | 0.57–2.11 | 0.779 |
| Sore throat | 22 | 30 | NA | NA | 245 | 36 | NA | NA | 0.76 | 0.45–1.27 | 0.29 | 0.77 | 0.35–1.17 | 0.499 |
| Rhinitis | 20 | 27 | NA | NA | 240 | 36 | NA | NA | 0.69 | 0.39–1.17 | 0.161 | 0.47 | 0.21–1.02 | 0.054 |
| Abnormal fatigue | 7 | 9 | NA | NA | 58 | 9 | NA | NA | 1.13 | 0.49–2.56 | 0.78 | 0.61 | 0.23–1.60 | 0.316 |
CI: confidence interval; COVID-19: coronavirus disease; IQR: interquartile range; NA: Not applicable; OR: odds ratio; ref: reference category; SARS-CoV-2: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
a Uni- and multivariable logistic regression was performed. The final multivariable regression was performed using the enter methods (no cut-off) with variables for sex, age, risk for transmission, days since onset of symptoms, fever, cough, cold, sore throat, muscle or body aches, headache, and abnormal fatigue.
b Contact to a laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 case in the last 14 days [5].
c Visited an area at risk in the last 14 days [5].
d Excluded due to multicollinearity.
e Reference is no symptom for each category.
f Missing for 51 individuals (n = 49 SARS-CoV-2 negative and n = 2 SARS-CoV-2 positive).