Table 3.
Cox Regression Analysis of Association between Clinical Risk Factors and Incidence of Hypertension
| Covariate |
Univariate model HR (95% CI) |
P value |
Multivariable model HR (95% CI) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 1.14 (0.80, 1.62) | 0.47 | ||
| Age (per year increase) | 1.04 (1.03, 1.05) | < 0.001 | 1.02 (1.00, 1.03) | 0.06 |
| BMI (per kg/m2increase) | 1.09 (1.04, 1.14) | < 0.001 | 1.07 (1.01, 1.13) | 0.02 |
| Han ethnicity | 1.27 (0.80, 2.02) | 0.32 | ||
| Current smoking | 0.84 (0.59, 1.21) | 0.35 | ||
| Current alcohol use | 0.83 (0.58, 1.18) | 0.30 | ||
| eGFR (per ml/min increase) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) | < 0.01 | NA | NA |
| Diabetes | 1.19 (0.61, 2.32) | 0.62 | ||
| TC > 5.2 (mmol/l) | 1.24 (0.79, 1.96) | 0.36 | ||
| TG > 1.7 (mmol/l) | 1.18 (0.86, 1.63) | 0.31 | ||
| HDL-c < 1.0 (mmol/l) | 1.22 (0.90, 1.67) | 0.20 | ||
| LDL-c > 4.1(mmol/l) | 1.42 (0.45, 4.45) | 0.55 | ||
| Dyslipidemia | 1.28 (0.95, 1.73) | 0.11 | ||
| HBs Ag+ | 1.16 (0.74, 1.82) | 0.51 | ||
| HCV-Ab+ | 1.69 (1.05, 2.72) | 0.03 | NA | NA |
| Route of HIV transmission | NA | NA | ||
| Heterosexual | 0.99 (0.55, 1.80) | 0.98 | ||
| MSM | 1.21 (0.67, 2.17) | 0.53 | ||
| Blood transfusion | 4.12 (2.08, 8.19) | < 0.001 | ||
| Others | Reference | |||
|
Years since HIV diagnosis (per year increase) |
1.06 (0.97, 1.14) | 0.19 | ||
|
Baseline CD4+ cell count (per cells/mm3increase) |
0.999 (0.997, 1.000) | 0.03 | 1.003 (1.001, 1.004) | < 0.01 |
|
Baseline HIV Viral load (per log10 copies/ml increase) |
0.97 (0.74, 1.27) | 0.82 | ||
| Stavudine exposure | 1.92 (1.42, 2.60) | < 0.001 | NA | NA |
| Zidovudine exposure | 0.50 (0.36, 0.71) | < 0.001 | 0.15 (0.10, 0.24) | < 0.001 |
| TDF exposure | 0.46 (0.33, 0.64) | < 0.001 | 0.13 (0.08, 0.21) | < 0.001 |
|
Recent CD4+ cell count (per cells/mm3increase) |
0.996 (0.995, 0.997) | < 0.001 | ||
| Recent CD4+/CD8+ ratio | 0.09 (0.05, 0.17) | < 0.001 | 0.14 (0.06, 0.31) | < 0.001 |
|
Recent VL (per log10 copies/ml increase) |
1.87 (1.65, 2.12) | < 0.001 | 1.28 (1.08, 1.51) | < 0.01 |
Abbreviations: HR Hazard ratio; CI confidence interval; NA not available; BMI body mass index; TC total cholesterol; TG triglycerides; HDL-c high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HBsAg+ hepatitis B surface antigen; HCV Ab hepatitis C antibody; HIV human immunodeficiency virus; MSM men who have sex with men; TDF tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; VL HIV-1 viral load