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. 2020 Jun 1;22:127. doi: 10.1186/s13075-020-02218-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — IL-32 expression in the skin of SSc patients. a–c IHC of IL-32 in skin derived from HCs (a), SSc patients (b) and SSc-PAH patients (c). IL-32 was expressed in keratinocytes (arrow), vascular cells (arrowhead) and fibroblasts (*). Original magnification × 25. Negative controls were obtained by omitting the primary antibody. d Quantification of the number of IL-32+ cells in HCs and SSc patients. The number of IL-32+ cells are significantly increased in SSc patients when compared to SSc (***p = 0.0001). e Quantification of the number of IL-32+ cells in 14 HCs, 21 SSc patients without PAH and 18 SSc patients with PAH. In SSc-PAH patients, the number of IL-32+ cells is significantly increased when compared to SSc patients without PAH. Any dot plot is representative of the median cells count per 2 section for each patient (*p = 0.02; ***p < 0.0001)