Table 2.
Patients (n = 715) with PIMs identified with the EU(7)-PIM list before and after hospitalisation grouped at ATC-level 3 and with the most frequently prescribed medications highlighted
| Patients with PIMs | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | After | Removed | Not changed | Added | ||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| N05 Psycholeptics | 260 | 36.4 | 293 | 41.0 | 35 | 4.9 | 225 | 31.5 | 68 | 9.5 |
| Zopiclone (Dosage > 3.75 mg/day) | 190 | 26.6 | 208 | 29.1 | 31 | 4.3 | 159 | 22.2 | 49 | 6.9 |
| Diazepam | 56 | 7.8 | 50 | 7.0 | 27 | 3.8 | 29 | 4.1 | 21 | 2.9 |
| Nitrazepam | 26 | 3.6 | 21 | 2.9 | 8 | 1.1 | 18 | 2.5 | 3 | 0.4 |
| Zolpidem | 20 | 2.8 | 22 | 3.1 | 6 | 0.8 | 14 | 2.0 | 8 | 1.1 |
| C08 Calcium channel blockers | 45 | 6.3 | 49 | 6.9 | 14 | 2.0 | 31 | 4.3 | 18 | 2.5 |
| Nifedipine | 23 | 3.2 | 33 | 4.6 | 5 | 0.7 | 18 | 2.5 | 15 | 2.1 |
| N06 Psychoanaleptics | 42 | 5.9 | 36 | 5.0 | 14 | 2.0 | 28 | 3.9 | 8 | 1.1 |
| Amitriptyline | 18 | 2.5 | 14 | 2.0 | 7 | 1.0 | 11 | 1.5 | 3 | 0.4 |
| B01 Antithrombotic agents | 39 | 5.5 | 110 | 15.4 | 12 | 1.7 | 27 | 3.8 | 83 | 11.6 |
| Dipyridamole | 23 | 3.2 | 55 | 7.7 | 9 | 1.3 | 14 | 2.0 | 41 | 5.7 |
| Dabigatran | 10 | 1.4 | 17 | 2.4 | 3 | 0.4 | 7 | 1.0 | 10 | 1.4 |
| Rivaroxaban | 6 | 0.8 | 33 | 4.6 | 2 | 0.3 | 4 | 0.6 | 29 | 4.1 |
| N02 Analgesics | 37 | 5.2 | 48 | 6.7 | 21 | 2.9 | 16 | 2.2 | 32 | 4.5 |
| Tramadol | 6 | 0.8 | 33 | 4.6 | 2 | 0.3 | 4 | 0.6 | 29 | 4.1 |
| A10 Drugs used in diabetes | 31 | 4.3 | 31 | 4.3 | 5 | 0.7 | 26 | 3.6 | 5 | 0.7 |
| Glimepiride | 25 | 3.5 | 22 | 3.1 | 4 | 0.6 | 21 | 2.9 | 1 | 0.1 |
| G04 Urologicals | 35 | 4.9 | 32 | 4.5 | 13 | 1.8 | 22 | 3.1 | 10 | 1.4 |
| R05 Cough and cold preparations | 28 | 3.9 | 17 | 2.4 | 23 | 3.2 | 5 | 0.7 | 12 | 1.7 |
| Ethylmorphine | 28 | 3.9 | 17 | 2.4 | 23 | 3.2 | 5 | 0.7 | 12 | 1.7 |
| C01 Cardiac therapy | 23 | 3.2 | 25 | 3.5 | 5 | 0.7 | 18 | 2.5 | 7 | 1.0 |
| Digoxin | 15 | 2.1 | 19 | 2.7 | 4 | 0.6 | 11 | 1.5 | 8 | 1,1 |
| M01 Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products | 22 | 3,1 | 15 | 2.1 | 17 | 2.4 | 5 | 0.7 | 10 | 1.4 |
| A03 Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders | 21 | 2.9 | 22 | 3.1 | 16 | 2.2 | 5 | 0.7 | 17 | 2.4 |
| Metoclopramide | 21 | 2.9 | 22 | 3.1 | 16 | 2.2 | 5 | 0.7 | 17 | 2.4 |
| R06 Antihistamines for systemic use | 16 | 2.2 | 14 | 2.0 | 6 | 0.8 | 10 | 1.4 | 4 | 0.6 |
| A02 Drugs for acid-related disorders | 14 | 2.0 | 15 | 2.1 | 3 | 0.4 | 11 | 1.5 | 4 | 0.6 |
| G03 Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system | 14 | 2.0 | 15 | 2.1 | 3 | 0.4 | 11 | 1.5 | 4 | 0.6 |
| J01 Antibacterials for systemic use | 12 | 1.7 | 12 | 1.7 | 12 | 1.7 | – | 0.0 | 12 | 1.7 |
| N04 Anti-parkinson drugs | 12 | 1.7 | 11 | 1.5 | 2 | 0.3 | 10 | 1.4 | 1 | 0.1 |
| A06 Drugs for constipation | 9 | 1.3 | 21 | 2.9 | 6 | 0.8 | 3 | 0.4 | 18 | 2.5 |
| C02 Antihypertensives | 9 | 1.3 | 7 | 1.0 | 2 | 0.3 | 7 | 1.0 | – | – |
| C07 Beta-blocking agents | 9 | 1.3 | 6 | 0.8 | 5 | 0.7 | 4 | 0.6 | 2 | 0.3 |
| C03 Diuretics | 7 | 1.0 | 4 | 0.6 | 4 | 0.6 | 3 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.1 |
| N03 Antiepileptics | 7 | 1.0 | 11 | 1.5 | 1 | 0.1 | 6 | 0.8 | 5 | 0.7 |
| A07 Antidiarrheals, intestinal anti-inflammatory/ anti-infective agents | 4 | 0.6 | 11 | 1.5 | 0.0 | 4 | 0.6 | 7 | 1.0 | |
| M03 Muscle relaxants | 4 | 0.6 | 3 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.1 | 3 | 0.4 | – | – |
| R01 Nasal preparations | 3 | 0.4 | 3 | 0.4 | 3 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 3 | 0.4 | |
| A04 Antiemetics and antinauseants | 1 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.1 | |
| M04 Antigout preparations | 1 | 0.1 | 2 | 0.3 | – | – | 1 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.1 |
| C04 Peripheral vasodilators | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.1 | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0.1 |