Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of 41,615 Patients Included in the Analysis, Stratified According to ADI
| Variable | Overall | Area Deprivationa |
P Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lowest 1%-50% (Median ADI, 85.9; n = 11,162) | 51%-75% (Median ADI, 105.1; n = 9,996) | 76%-90% (Median ADI, 124.3; n = 10,388) | Highest 91%-100% (Median ADI, 141.4; n = 10,069) | |||
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Former | 24,288 (58.4) | 5,267 (47.2) | 5,765 (57.7) | 6,555 (63.1) | 6,701 (66.5) | < .001 |
| Current | 17,327 (41.6) | 5,895 (52.8) | 4,231 (42.3) | 3,833 (36.9) | 3,368 (33.5) | |
| Smoking intensity, packs per day | 0.94 ± 0.65 | 1.00 ± 0.65 | 0.95 ± 0.64 | 0.91 ± 0.64 | 0.89 ± 0.66 | < .001 |
| Smoking duration, y | 29.58 ± 13.55 | 28.36 ± 13.96 | 29.59 ± 13.51 | 30.02 ± 13.51 | 30.48 ± 13.09 | < .001 |
| Quit time, y | 3.83 ± 9.10 | 5.72 ± 11.23 | 3.78 ± 9.02 | 3.06 ± 7.89 | 2.56 ± 7.18 | < .001 |
| Age, y | 61.45 ± 7.55 | 62.89 ± 8.38 | 61.45 ± 7.57 | 60.79 ± 7.03 | 60.53 ± 6.82 | < .001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.69 ± 7.69 | 29.34 ± 7.21 | 29.86 ± 7.63 | 29.71 ± 7.84 | 29.89 ± 8.07 | < .001 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 21,748 (52.3) | 5,571 (49.9) | 5,339 (53.4) | 5,502 (53.0) | 5,336 (53.0) | < .001 |
| Male | 19,867 (47.7) | 5,591 (50.1) | 4,657 (46.6) | 4,886 (47.0) | 4,733 (47.0) | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 22,151 (53.2) | 9,024 (80.9) | 6,262 (62.7) | 3,926 (37.8) | 2,939 (29.2) | < .001 |
| Black | 15,696 (37.7) | 1,309 (11.7) | 2,945 (29.5) | 5,337 (51.4) | 6,105 (60.6) | |
| Hispanicb | 1,955 (4.7) | 175 (1.6) | 389 (3.9) | 729 (7.0) | 662 (6.6) | |
| Other | 1,813 (4.4) | 654 (5.9) | 400 (4.0) | 396 (3.8) | 363 (3.6) | |
| Insurance | ||||||
| Commercial | 10,208 (24.5) | 4,279 (38.3) | 2,639 (26.4) | 1,939 (18.7) | 1,351 (13.4) | < .001 |
| Medicaid | 9,592 (23.1) | 1,340 (12.0) | 1,991 (19.9) | 2,851 (27.5) | 3,410 (33.9) | |
| Medicare | 11,554 (27.8) | 3,094 (27.7) | 2,823 (28.2) | 2,878 (27.7) | 2,759 (27.4) | |
| Self-pay | 10,261 (24.7) | 2,449 (21.9) | 2,543 (25.4) | 2,720 (26.2) | 2,549 (25.3) | |
| Family history of lung cancerc | ||||||
| 0 | 39,357 (94.6) | 10,550 (94.5) | 9,400 (94.0) | 9,840 (94.7) | 9,567 (95.0) | .04 |
| 1 | 2,107 (5.1) | 574 (5.1) | 564 (5.6) | 509 (4.9) | 460 (4.6) | |
| ≥ 2 | 151 (0.4) | 38 (0.3) | 32 (0.3) | 39 (0.4) | 42 (0.4) | |
| Diagnosis of COPDd | ||||||
| No | 34,108 (82.0) | 9,668 (86.6) | 8,183 (81.9) | 8,245 (79.4) | 8,012 (79.6) | < .001 |
| Yes | 7,507 (18.0) | 1,494 (13.4) | 1,813 (18.1) | 2,143 (20.6) | 2,057 (20.4) | |
| Personal history of cancerd | ||||||
| No | 30,129 (72.4) | 8,001 (71.7) | 7,170 (71.7) | 7,598 (73.1) | 7,360 (73.1) | .004 |
| Yes | 11,486 (27.6) | 3,161 (28.3) | 2,826 (28.3) | 2,790 (26.9) | 2,709 (26.9) | |
For all continuous variables, the mean values ± SD were listed, and the k-sample equality of medians was used to ascertain the P values. For all categorical variables, the No. (%) are listed and a Wilcoxon test of trend was used to ascertain the P values. ADI = area deprivation index.
ADI was categorized into percentiles of census block group disadvantage; lowest group is the most affluent 50% of census blocks, and the highest group is the most disadvantaged 10% of census blocks.
Hispanic ethnicity was combined with race as one variable due to the negligibly small number of individuals who identify as non-white Hispanic.
Family history of lung cancer was modeled on an ordinal scale: 0, 1, and ≥ 2.
Diagnosis of COPD (yes vs no) and personal history of cancer (yes vs no).