Table 3.

OSA Severity and Sleep On and Off the Study Drugs

Variable	Placebo	Ato-oxy	Median Change	P Value
AHI, events/h	31.2 [11.9 to 55.7]	7.6 [2.4 to 20.3]	–28 [–40.0 to –10.5]	< .001
%change			–65 [–88 to –52]
AHI NREM,a events/h	32.5 [8.5 to 55.7]	7.6 [2.4 to 20.3]	–22.0 [–40.0 to –7.6]	< .001
%change			–65 [–88 to –40]
AHI REM,a,b events/h	37.8 [25.4 to 56.3]	2.2 [0 to 6.6]	–31.3 [–54.1 to –18.5]	.007
%change			–92 [–95 to –83]
AI, events/h	5.3 [1.3 to 15]	0.3 [0 to 2.1]	–1.3 [–13.3 to –0.8]	< .001
Fhypopneas, %AHI	67.1 [44.3 to 86.8]	93.3 [69.0 to 100]	19.7 [–2.1 to 42.8]	.074
ODI 3%, events/h	17.1 [6.3 to 37.4]	3.7 [0.6 to 20.2]	–6.2 [–16.7 to –2.6]	< .001
Nadir Sao2, %	82 [78.5 to 90.5]	94 [88.5 to 95.5]	9 [4 to 16]	< .001
Arousal index, events/h	46.4 [22.2 to 61.6]	43.4 [33.5 to 52.8]	–6.1 [–15.7 to 8.3]	.35
Total sleep time, min	232 [162 to 326]	303 [237 to 321]	45 [–18 to 89.5]	.11
Sleep efficiency, %TIB	58 [41 to 83]	75 [63.5 to 86]	9 [–2 to 23.5]	.043
EMGGG, %baseline	2.2 [1.1 to 4.7]	6.3 [3.0 to 18.3]	2.7 [1.0 to 9.2]	< .001

Data are presented as median [interquartile range]. Baseline was calculated as the median Peak EMG_GG during non-REM sleep with non-flow-limited breaths and relatively small esophageal pressure swings (–11.0 [–17.6 to –6.8] cm H₂O). AHI = apnea-hypopnea index; AI = apnea index; Ato-oxy = combination of atomoxetine and oxybutynin; EMG_GG = electromyographic activity from the genioglossus muscle; F_hypopneas = fraction of hypopneas over total events; NREM = non-rapid eye movement sleep; ODI 3% = oxygen desaturation index, 3% desaturation; ODI = oxygen desaturation index; REM = rapid eye movement; Sao₂ = arterial oxygen saturation; TIB = time in bed.

^aAHI is calculated in supine position.

^bREM AHI was calculated only in eight patients in whom at least 10 min of REM sleep were available in both nights.