Table 5.
Univariate analysis of risk factors associated with death in KP, CRKP and CSKP BSI
| Items | KP BSI | CRKP BSI | CSKP BSI | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Death (n = 121) |
Survival (n = 371) |
P | Death (n = 72) |
Survival (n = 92) |
P | Death (n = 49) |
Survival (n = 279) |
P | |
| Male | 72(59.5%) | 233(62.0%) | 0.506 | 44(61.1%) | 66(71.7%) | 0.151 | 28(57.1%) | 167(59.9%) | 0.721 |
| Age (years) | 63(23) | 56(24) | <0.001 | 69(21) | 48(29) | <0.001 | 62(17) | 59(20) | 0.268 |
| previous hospitalization | 98(81.0%) | 237(63.9%) | <0.001 | 60(83.3%) | 61(66.3%) | 0.014 | 38(77.6%) | 176(63.1%) | 0.05 |
| Hospital stay (days) | 23(24) | 23(23) | 0.579 | 28(27) | 36(33) | 0.038 | 16(26) | 19(18) | 0.072 |
|
Hospital stay before bacteremia (days) bacteremia (days) |
13(26) | 5(14) | <0.001 | 14(28) | 14(14) | 0.041 | 6(24) | 3(12) | 0.056 |
| APACHE II SCORE | 13(7) | 8(5) | <0.001 | 14(8) | 12(5) | <0.001 | 12(8) | 8(4) | <0.001 |
| ICU admission | 67(55.4%) | 107(28.8%) | <0.001 | 53(73.6%) | 63(68.5%) | 0.473 | 14(28.6%) | 44(15.8%) | 0.03 |
| Use of systemic steroids | 37(30.6%) | 77(20.8%) | 0.026 | 23(31.9%) | 23(25.0%) | 0.326 | 14(28.6%) | 54(19.4%) | 0.142 |
| Chemotherapy/Radiotherapy | 31(25.6%) | 71(20.7%) | 0.127 | 17(23.6%) | 13(14.1%) | 0.119 | 14(28.6%) | 58(20.8%) | 0.225 |
| Use of immunosuppressant | 33(27.3%) | 80(21.6%) | 0.195 | 17(23.6%) | 17(18.5%) | 0.421 | 16(32.7%) | 63(22.6%) | 0.128 |
| Hypertension | 57(47.1%) | 127(34.2%) | 0.011 | 37(51.4%) | 35(38.0%) | 0.087 | 20(40.8%) | 92(33.0%) | 0.286 |
| Coronary heart disease | 33(27.3%) | 71(19.1%) | 0.057 | 25(34.7%) | 12(13.0%) | 0.001 | 8(16.3%) | 59(21.1%) | 0.44 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 36(29.8%) | 122(32.9%) | 0.522 | 21(29.2%) | 13(14.1%) | 0.018 | 15(30.6%) | 109(39.1%) | 0.26 |
| COPD | 11(9.1%) | 12(3.2%) | 0.008 | 8(11.1%) | 6(6.5%) | 0.297 | 3(6.1%) | 6(2.2%) | 0.273 |
| Renal diseases | 18(14.9%) | 24(6.5%) | 0.004 | 12(16.7%) | 10(10.9%) | 0.280 | 6(12.2%) | 14(5.0%) | 0.104 |
| Autoimmune diseases | 6(5.0%) | 11(3.0%) | 0.297 | 4(5.6%) | 3(3.3%) | 0.740 | 2(4.1%) | 8(2.9%) | 0.996 |
| Solid tumor | 27(22.3%) | 37(10.0%) | <0.001 | 10(13.9%) | 9(9.8%) | 0.415 | 17(34.7%) | 28(10.0%) | <0.001 |
| Hematologic malignancy | 21(17.4%) | 58(15.6%) | 0.654 | 14(19.4%) | 10(10.9%) | 0.123 | 7(14.3%) | 48(17.2%) | 0.614 |
| Enema | 6(5.0%) | 17(4.6%) | 0.865 | 6(8.3%) | 8(8.7%) | 0.934 | 0 | 9(3.2%) | 0.432 |
| Nasogastric catheter | 70(57.9%) | 123(33.2%) | <0.001 | 52(72.2%) | 65(70.7%) | 0.825 | 18(36.7%) | 58(20.8%) | 0.015 |
| Urinary catheter | 74(61.2%) | 147(39.6%) | <0.001 | 54(75.0%) | 72(78.3%) | 0.623 | 20(40.8%) | 75(26.7%) | 0.047 |
| CVC | 95(78.5%) | 173(46.6%) | <0.001 | 65(90.3%) | 77(83.7%) | 0.220 | 30(61.2%) | 96(34.4%) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral arterial catheter | 16(13.2%) | 35(9.4%) | 0.235 | 12(16.7%) | 22(23.9%) | 0.256 | 4(8.2%) | 13(4.7%) | 0.502 |
| Blood purification | 19(15.7%) | 28(7.5%) | 0.008 | 16(22.2%) | 20(21.7%) | 0.941 | 3(6.1%) | 8(2.9%) | 0.461 |
| Tracheal cannula | 51(42.1%) | 82(22.1%) | <0.001 | 42(58.3%) | 52(56.5%) | 0.816 | 9(18.4%) | 30(10.8%) | 0.129 |
| Tracheostomy | 21(17.4%) | 35(9.4%) | 0.017 | 16(22.2%) | 19(20.7%) | 0.808 | 5(10.2%) | 16(5.7%) | 0.239 |
| Non-invasive ventilation | 23(19.0%) | 14(3.8%) | <0.001 | 14(19.4%) | 8(8.7%) | 0.045 | 9(18.4%) | 6(2.2%) | <0.001 |
| Gastroscopy | 3(2.5%) | 9(2.4%) | 1.000 | 2(2.8%) | 4(4.3%) | 0.910 | 1(2.0%) | 5(1.8%) | 1.000 |
| Colonoscopy | 1(0.8%) | 2(0.5%) | 1.000 | 1(1.4%) | 1(1.1%) | 1.000 | 0 | 1(0.4%) | 1.000 |
| Bronchoscopy | 20(16.5%) | 19(5.1%) | <0.001 | 20(27.8%) | 15(16.3%) | 0.075 | 0 | 4(1.4%) | 0.890 |
| Sputum suction | 58(47.9%) | 92(24.8%) | <0.001 | 46(63.9%) | 56(60.9%) | 0.692 | 12(24.5%) | 36(12.9%) | 0.034 |
| Thoracentesis | 19(15.7%) | 27(7.3%) | 0.006 | 17(23.6%) | 20(21.7%) | 0.776 | 2(4.1%)) | 7(2.5%) | 0.883 |
| Abdominocentesis | 11(9.1%) | 13(3.5%) | 0.013 | 10(13.9%) | 9(9.8%) | 0.415 | 1 (2.0%) | 4(1.4%) | 1.000 |
| Bone marrow puncture | 28(23.1%) | 54(14.6%) | 0.028 | 17(23.6%) | 9(9.8%) | 0.016 | 11(22.4%) | 45(16.1%) | 0.278 |
| Lumbar puncture | 11(9.1%) | 37(10.0%) | 0.776 | 9(12.5%) | 15(16.3%) | 0.494 | 2(4.1%) | 22(7.9%) | 0.519 |
| Previous surgery | 45(37.2%) | 124(33.4%) | 0.449 | 33(45.8%) | 54(58.7%) | 0.101 | 12(24.5%) | 70(25.1%) | 0.929 |
| Abdominal surgery | 36(29.8%) | 102(27.5%) | 0.631 | 19(26.4%) | 31(33.7%) | 0.313 | 17(34.7%) | 71(25.4%) | 0.178 |
| Enteral nutrition | 47(38.8%) | 77(20.8%) | <0.001 | 38(52.8%) | 42(45.7%) | 0.365 | 9(18.4%) | 35(12.5%) | 0.270 |
|
Parenteral nutrition Previous use of antibiotics |
61(50.4%) | 107(28.8%) | <0.001 | 39(54.2%) | 56(60.9%) | 0.388 | 22(44.9%) | 51(18.3%) | <0.001 |
| Any antibiotics | 106(87.6%) | 281(75.7%) | 0.006 | 71(98.6%) | 87(94.6%) | 0.171 | 35(71.4%) | 194(69.5%) | 0.790 |
| Carbapenems | 65(53.7%) | 75(20.2%) | <0.001 | 51(70.8%) | 45(48.9%) | 0.005 | 14(28.6%) | 30(10.8%) | 0.001 |
| Glycopeptides | 38(31.4%) | 47(12.7%) | <0.001 | 30(41.7%) | 31(33.7%) | 0.295 | 8(16.3%) | 16(5.7%) | 0.02 |
| Quinolones | 52(43.0%) | 113(30.5%) | 0.011 | 41(56.9%) | 39(42.4%) | 0.064 | 11(22.4%) | 74(26.5%) | 0.548 |
| 3rd/4th generation cephalosporins | 22(18.2%) | 55(14.8%) | 0.377 | 17(23.6%) | 13(14.1%) | 0.119 | 5(10.2%) | 42(15.1%) | 0.372 |
| 1st/2nd generation cephalosporins | 14(11.6%) | 51(13.7%) | 0.539 | 8(11.1%) | 15(16.3%) | 0.342 | 6(12.2%) | 36(12.9%) | 0.899 |
| Penicillins | 5(4.1%) | 22(5.9%) | 0.451 | 2(2.8%) | 4(4.3%) | 0.910 | 3(6.1%) | 18(6.5%) | 1.000 |
| β-lactamase inhibitor | 71(58.7%) | 136(36.7%) | <0.001 | 54(75.0%) | 49(53.3%) | 0.004 | 17(34.7%) | 87(31.2%) | 0.626 |
| Aminoglycosides | 8(6.6%) | 3(0.8%) | 0.001 | 6(8.3%) | 1(1.1%) | 0.059 | 2(4.1%) | 1(0.7%) | 0.108 |
| Linezolid | 14(11.6%) | 10(2.7%) | <0.001 | 13(18.1%) | 6(6.6%) | 0.024 | 1(2.0%) | 4(1.4%) | 0.557 |
| Tigecycline | 26(21.5%) | 22(5.9%) | <0.001 | 20(27.8%) | 18(19.6%) | 0.216 | 6(12.2%) | 4(1.4%) | <0.001 |
| Daptomycin | 2(1.7%) | 1(0.3%) | 0.305 | 2(2.8%) | 1(1.1%) | 0.830 | 0 | 0 | – |
| Nitroimidazoles | 7(5.8%) | 14(3.8%) | 0.342 | 6(8.3%) | 2(2.2%) | 0.146 | 1(2.0%) | 12(4.3%) | 0.726 |
| KP detection in other sites | 68(56.2%) | 118(31.8%) | <0.001 | 52(72.2%) | 56(60.9%) | 0.128 | 16(32.7%) | 62(22.2%) | 0.114 |
| CRKP | 72(59.5%) | 92(24.8%) | <0.001 | ||||||
KP Klebsiella pneumoniae, CRKP Carbapenem-resistant KP, CSKP Carbapenem-susceptible KP, BSI bloodstream infections, APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, ICU Intensive Care Unit, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CVC central venous catheter