Table 3.

Effect of the genetic modifiers of ALS and FTD

GRN	SORT1	rs646776 C-minor allele => decreased GRN plasma expression	[92, 93]
GRN	TMEM106B	rs1990622 C-minor allele => lower risk (older age at onset)	[94, 95]
C9ORF72	TMEM106B	rs1990622 C-minor allele => earlier onset	[96]
		rs3173615 G minor allele => Homozygosity protects from developing FTD but not from developing MND	[97]
--	TMEM106B	rs1990622 T-major allele => poorer cognitive performance in FTLD-TDP patients not in ALS patients	[98]
--	TMEM106B	rs1990622 C-minor allele => protective effect on cognitive aging	[99–101]