Table 4.
Pregnancy and clinical related factors against significant bacteriuria and MDR bacteria among pregnant women
| Variables | Significant bacteriuria | MDR bacteria | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | Total | p- value | Yes | No | Total | p- value | |
| Gestation period | ||||||||
| < 3 months | 6 (10.9%) | 49 (89.1%) | 55 | 0.219 | 3 (50%) | 3 (50%) | 6 | 0.808 |
| 3–6 months | 24 (20.2%) | 95 (79.8%) | 119 | 15 (62.5%) | 9 (37.5%) | 24 | ||
| > 6 months | 30 (15.8%) | 160 (84.2%) | 190 | 18 (60%) | 12 (40%) | 30 | ||
| Don’t know | 1 (5%) | 19 (95%) | 20 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 1 | ||
| No of Pregnancy | ||||||||
| Prim-gravida | 29 (18.1%) | 131 (81.9%) | 160 | 0.383 | 21 (72.4%) | 8 (27.6%) | 29 | 0.127 |
| Multi-gravida | 32 (14.3%) | 192 (85.7%) | 224 | 16 (50%) | 16 (50%) | 32 | ||
| No of times giving birth | ||||||||
| Nulliparous | 31 (17.6%) | 145 (82.4%) | 176 | 0.501 | 21 (67.7%) | 10 (32.3%) | 31 | 0.492 |
| Primiparous | 12 (12.2%) | 86 (87.8%) | 98 | 6 (50%) | 6 (50%) | 12 | ||
| Multiparous | 18 (16.4%) | 92 (83.6%) | 110 | 10 (55.6%) | 8 (44.4%) | 18 | ||
| Hospitalization | ||||||||
| Yes | 15 (57.7%) | 11 (42.3%) | 26 | < 0.001 | 10 (66.67%) | 5 (33.3%) | 15 | 0.807 |
| No | 46 (12.8%) | 312 (87.2%) | 358 | 27 (58.7%) | 19 (41.3%) | 46 | ||
| History of UTI | ||||||||
| Yes | 27 (43.5%) | 35 (56.5%) | 62 | < 0.001 | 20 (74.07%) | 7 (25.93%) | 27 | 0.099 |
| No | 34 (10.6%) | 288 (89.4%) | 322 | 17 (50%) | 17 (50%) | 34 | ||
| Antibiotic therapy | ||||||||
| Yes | 27 (30.7%) | 61 (69.3%) | 88 | < 0.001 | 22 (81.5%) | 5 (18.5%) | 27 | 0.007 |
| No | 34 (11.5%) | 262 (88.5%) | 296 | 15 (44.12%) | 19 (55.88%) | 34 | ||
| HIV | ||||||||
| Yes | 4 (30.8%) | 9 (69.2%) | 13 | 0.135 | 3 (75%) | 1 (25%) | 4 | 1 |
| No | 57 (15.4%) | 314 (84.6%) | 371 | 34 (59.65%) | 23 (40.35%) | 57 | ||
| Participant status for UTI | ||||||||
| Symptomatic | 38 (31.1%) | 84 (68.9%) | 122 | < 0.001 | 25 (65.8%) | 13 (34.2%) | 38 | 0.433 |
| Asymptomatic | 23 (8.8%) | 239 (91.2%) | 262 | 12 (52.2%) | 11 (47.8%) | 23 | ||
The percentage displayed under positive culture and MDR was calculated using the frequency of each classes of the variable group that were enrolled in this study and positive for culture as a denominator, respectively
Italic values means the observed difference is statistically significant (p < 0.05)
MDR, multi-drug resistant; UTI, urinary tract infection; HIV, human immuno-deficiency virus