Table 1.
Social demographic and behavioral characteristics (n = 367)
| PTB | Univariate | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| YesPTB N (%) or mean +/−SD |
NoPTB N (%) or mean +/−SD) |
Total N (%) or mean +/−SD) |
Crude Odds Ratio (OR) (95% CI) | P-Value | |
| Age in Years(N = 367) | 27.95 ± 6.20 | 28.14 ± 6.00 | 28.12 ± 6.012 | 0.99[0.93, 1.05] | < 0.85 |
| Age(n = 367) | |||||
| < 20 | 2(5.4) | 16(4.9) | 18(4.9) | 1 | |
| ≥ 20–35 | 30(81.1) | 273(82.7) | 303(82.6) | 1.23[.18, .5.83] | 0.96 |
| > 35 | 5(13.5) | 41(12.4) | 46(12.5) | .901[.33, 2.45] | 0.84 |
| Gestational Age(weeks) at recruitment (n = 367) | 11.78 ± 3.86 | 13.03 ± 3.48 | 12.9 ± 3.54 | – | – |
| Weight in Kg (mean, SD)(na = 363*) | 53.86 ± 8.49 | 57.21 ± 9.38 | 56.87 ± 9.34 | – | – |
| Residence (n = 367) | |||||
| Urban | 11(29.7) | 109(33.0) | 120(32.7) | 1 | |
| Rural | 26(70.3) | 221(67.0) | 247(67.3) | 1.16[.55, 2.45] | 0.25 |
| Occupation (na = 366) | |||||
| Paying Job | 21(56.8) | 159(48.3) | 180(49.2) | 1 | |
| Housewife | 16(43.2) | 170(51.7) | 186(50.8) | 1.40[.71, 2.78] | 0.23 |
| Living with a partner (na = 365) | |||||
| Yes | 31(83.8) | 309(94.2) | 340(93.2) | 1 | |
| No | 6(16.2) | 19(5.8) | 25(6.8) | 3.15[1.17, 8.46] | 0.02** |
| Educational level (na = 366) | |||||
| Never schooled | 17 (45.9) | 169(51.3) | 186(50.8) | 1 | |
| Primary | 7(18.9) | 69(21.0) | 76(20.8) | 1.01[.40, 2.54] | 0.98 |
| Secondary or higher | 13(35.1) | 91(27.7) | 104(28.4) | 1.42[.66, 3.05] | 0.36 |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) (continuous) (na = 363) | 23.21 ± 3.51 | 23.31 ± 3.55 | 23.21 + 3.51 | ||
| BMI(Na = 363) | |||||
| Underweight | 2(5.4) | 11(3.4) | 13(3.6) | 1 | |
| Normal Weight | 30(81.1) | 231(70.9) | 261(71.9) | 0.71[.15, 3.32] | 0.67 |
| Overweight | 4(10.8) | 68(20.9) | 72(19.8) | 0.32[.05, 1.98] | 0.26 |
| Obese | 1(2.7) | 16(4.9) | 17(4.7) | 0.34[.03, 4.27] | 0.41 |
| Alcohol use (at least 2–4 times per month) (na = 366) | |||||
| Yes | 29(78.4) | 253(76.9) | 84(23.0) | 1 | |
| No | 8(21.6) | 76(23.1) | 282(77.0) | 0.92[.40, 2.09] | 0.83 |
| Gender-based Violence (na = 336) | |||||
| Yes | 37(100) | 14(4.3) | 14(3.8) | 1 | |
| No | 0(0.0) | 315(95.7) | 352(96.2) | 1.02[.04, 1.16] | 0.90 |
naSample size reduced by missing responses among covariates
**p < 0.01, *p < 0.5