Table 5.
Microbiota alteration observed in IBD, CRC and obesity compared to those induced after NP ingestion
| IBD | CRC | Obesity | NPs effects on microbiota | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actinobacteria | ↗[183–185] | ↗[186] | ↗[187] | ↗TiO2 [104] |
| Acidimicrobidae ellin 7143 | ↗[184] | |||
| Actinobacterium GWS-BW-H99 | ↗[184] | |||
| Actinomycinaeae (o) | ↗[184] | |||
| Actinomyces (g) | ↗[188] | |||
| Actinomyces oxydans | ↗[184] | |||
| Bifidobacteriales (o) | ↗[186] | |||
| Bifidobacterium (g) | ↙[189] | ↙[190, 191] | ↙[192, 193] | ↙Ag [105] |
| Bifidobacterium adolescentis | ↙[194, 195] | |||
| Corynebacteriaceae (f) | ↗[184] | ↗[196] | ||
| Nocardioides NS/27 | ↗[184] | |||
| Bacteroidetes | ↙[183, 184, 188] | ↙[17, 197] | ↙[173, 187, 198–200] | ↙Ag, TiO2, SiO2, ZnO [104, 107–109]; ↗Ag, ZnO [105, 107, 110] |
| Bacteroides (g) | ↙[183, 194] | ↙[17, 186, 197, 201] | ↗[202, 203] | ↙Ag, TiO2, SiO2 [107, 108]; ↗Ag, ZnO [105, 110] |
| Bacteroides ovatus | ↙[204, 205] | ↙[206] | ↙Ag, TiO2 [112, 113] | |
| Bacteroides uniformis | ↙[183] | ↙[186] | ↙[206] | ↙Ag [106] |
| Prevotellaceae (f) | ↗[196, 207] | ↙ZnO [109] | ||
| Prevotella | ↙[183] | ↙[201] | ↗[207, 208] | ↙TiO2, ZnO [104, 109]; ↗Ag, SiO2 [107] |
| Rikenellaceae (f) | ↙[209] | ↙[200, 207] | ↙ZnO [110]; ↗Ag [108] | |
| Alistipes (g) | ↙[184, 185, 188] | ↗[210] | ↙[193, 206] | ↙ZnO [110]; ↗Ag, SiO2 [107] |
| Firmicutes | ↙[92, 184, 211, 212] | ↙[197] | ↗[173, 199, 200] | ↙Ag, TiO2, ZnO [104, 105, 107, 109, 110]; ↗Ag, SiO2, ZnO [107–109] |
| Erysipelotrichaceae (f) | ↙[194] | ↗[17, 190] | ↗[196] | ↙TiO2 [104] |
| Turicibacter (g) | ↙[183] | ↙TiO2 [104] | ||
| Lachnospiraceae (f) | ↙[194, 209] | ↙[197, 201] | ↙[207] | ↙Ag [107]; ↗Ag, SiO2 [104, 107] |
| Blautia (g) | ↙[209] | ↙[17] | ↙[207] | ↗Ag [108] |
| Blautia faecis | ↙[183] | |||
| Coprococcus (g) | ↙[209] | ↙[193, 207] | ↗Ag [108] | |
| Roseburia (g) | ↙[185, 209] | ↙[186, 210] | ↙[207] | |
| Roseburia intestinalis | ↙[183, 194] | ↗[206, 213] | ↙Ag [112] | |
| Roseburia inulinivorans | ↙[183] | |||
| Clostridium XIVa and IV groups | ↙[92, 184] | ↗[206] | ||
| Clostridium lavalense | ↙[183] | |||
| Dialister invisus | ↙[195] | |||
| Enterococcus (g) | ↗[186] | |||
| Eubacterium (g) | ↙[186] | ↙[207] | ||
| Eubacterium rectale | ↙[194, 211] | ↗[213] | ↙Ag [112]; ↗TiO2 [113] | |
| Eubacterium ventriosum | ↙[183] | ↗[198, 213] | ↗TiO2 [113] | |
| Faecalibacterium (g) | ↙[185, 209] | ↙[17, 190, 197, 210] | ↙[193] | |
| Faecalibacterium prausnitzii | ↙[92, 183, 194, 211] | ↙[191, 210] | ↙[206, 214] | ↙Ag [112] |
| Lactobacillus (sp) | ↙[183] | ↙[191, 215] | ↙[193, 216] | ↙Ag, TiO2, SiO2, ZnO [104, 105, 107, 109–111]; ↗Ag, ZnO [108, 109] |
| Oscillospira (g) | ↙[207, 213] | ↙Ag, ZnO [106, 109] | ||
| Ruminococcus gnavus | ↗[195, 209, 217] | |||
| Ruminococcus torques | ↙[183, 194] | ↙Ag [112] | ||
| Streptococcus (g) | ↗[186, 218] | ↗ZnO [109] | ||
| Proteobacteria | ↗[184, 185] | ↗[186] | ↗[200, 206, 216] | ↗TiO2, SiO2, ZnO [104, 107, 109]; ↙ZnO [111] |
| Enterobacteriaceae (f) | ↗[209, 219] | ↗[191, 218] | ↗[207] | ↗Ag [105] |
| Escherichia coli | ↗[194, 211, 220–222] | ↗[186, 210] | ↗ Ag, TiO2 [104, 112] | |
| Shigella (sp) | ↗[185, 211] | ↗[186, 210] | ↗ TiO2 [104] | |
| Sutterella (g) | ↗[216] | |||
| Listeria (sp) | ↗[211] |