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. 2020 Jun 3;19:119. doi: 10.1186/s12934-020-01372-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 8 — Evaluation of the roles of vesicular proteins and LPS in MOMVs-mediated protection. a Determination of LPS contents in MOMVs, polymyxin B-treated MOMVs (PMB_MOMVs) and proteinase K-treated MOMVs (PK_MOMVs) by LAL assay. b Coomassie Brilliant Blue-stained SDS-PAGE analysis detected the protein profiles of MOMVs and PK_MOMVs. The IgG titers of anti-OMPs (c) and anti-LPS (d) in sera from chickens (n = 5) immunized with PBS, MOMVs, PMB_MOMVs and PK_MOMVs. e Survival rates of MOMVs- (50 μg), PMB_MOMVs-(50 μg), PK_MOMVs-(50 μg) and PBS-immunized chickens (n = 10) after the lethal infections of these three APEC serogroups (O1, O2 and O78). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; n.s., not significant; versus the control (PBS)