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. 2020 Jun 3;128(6):067001. doi: 10.1289/EHP5842

Figure 4.

Figures 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d are graphs titled low birth weight, preterm birth, small for gestational age, and term birth weight, respectively. Figures 4a, 4b, and 4c plot odds ratio and 95 percent C I, ranging from 0.8 to 1.8 with increments of 2, and Figure 4d plots mean difference and 95 percent C I in grams, ranging from negative 50 to 20 in unit increments (y-axis) across rural and urban (x-axis) for production categories, namely, mod and high.

Plots of rural vs. urban odds ratios or mean difference in birth weight (grams) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for associations between exposure to moderate and high production volume across the entire pregnancy and low birth weight (A), preterm birth (B), small for gestational age (C), and continuous term birth weight (D). Logistic regression models adjust for inactive well count, child’s sex, birth month and birth year, and maternal education, age, race/ethnicity, Kotelchuck prenatal care index, parity, air basin, NO2 and ICE for income. In addition to the covariates adjusted for in the logistic regression models, the linear regression models also adjusted for gestational age. All y-axes are on the logarithmic scale except for on the term birth weight plot. Numerical values plotted here can be found along with estimates for the three trimesters and p-values for statistical tests for effect modification in Tables S4–S7.