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. 2020 Apr 4;245(10):897–901. doi: 10.1177/1535370220915428

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Figure 1. — IL-25/IL-33/TSLP are the key mediators involving abnormal AECs-(myo)fibroblasts interaction. Impaired AECs express and secrete abundant IL-25/IL-33/TSLP, which directly act on and activate the adjacent interstitial (myo)fibroblasts by binding their corresponding receptors, i.e. IL-17BR/sT2L/TSLPR. Thus, the structural and functional axis of (IL-25/IL-33/TSLP)⁺AECs-(IL-25R/IL-33R/TSLPR)⁺ (myo)fibroblasts within fibroblastic foci (FF) is developed. Ultimately, IL-25/IL-33/TSLP promotes the constant formation of FF and progressive pulmonary fibrosis by modulating AECs- (myo)fibroblasts crosstalk. Intervention targeting IL-25/IL-33/TSLP may have the great promise to block the abnormal epithelial-mesenchymal communication and the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.)