Figure 2.

A pancreatic cancer-derived organoids tool to predict drug response. (A) Schematic representation of our pancreatic ductal organoid (PDO)-derived tool. (1) PDO and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models were generated from cryopreserved xenografts of two patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Several FDA-approved drugs were screened either single or in combination (2) and validated on the established organoid cultures (3). Drugs which showed sensitivity in PDO were selected for further small-scale drug screenings and validation in the PDXs (4). (B) Schematic representation of an organoid-based drug screening. (C) Cell death ratio (CDR) analysis of a viability assay and (D) area under the curve (AUC) analysis of a dose-response assay conducted on PDO163. (E) CDR analysis of a viability assay and (F) AUC analysis of a dose-response assay conducted on PDO185. Drug response prediction using CDR and AUC are provided below each bar graph. Yes and No indicate respectively a positive drug response and a lack of drug response. PDO is considered to be sensitive when CDR of one of treatment conditions >1.30 and if AUC < 1.64. GEM (gemcitabine); IRI (irinotecan); PAC (paclitaxel); RES., resistant; SENS., sensitive.