Table 4:
Relationship between factors and visit type among patients with a voice diagnosis
| Primary care visit | Otolaryngology visit (ever) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |
| Increasing age (per year) | 1.01 (1.01–1.01) | <.0001 | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 0.4410 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | Reference | Reference | ||
| Female | 1.17 (1.07–1.28) | 0.0007 | 0.95 (0.86–1.05) | 0.2868 |
| Race | ||||
| White | Reference | Reference | ||
| Black | 0.93 (0.76–1.14) | 0.50 | 0.95 (0.75–1.20) | 0.66 |
| Other | 0.72 (0.57–0.92) | 0.0080 | 1.23 (0.93–1.62) | 0.16 |
| Insurance† | ||||
| Private | 0.83 (0.71–0.97) | 0.020 | 1.33 (1.10–1.61) | 0.0028 |
| Medicare | 0.79 (0.71–0.88) | <.0001 | 0.87 (0.77–0.98) | 0.023 |
| Medicaid | 0.75 (0.67–0.84) | <.0001 | 1.14 (0.99–1.30) | 0.063 |
| CCI | ||||
| 0 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 2+ | 1.04 (0.94–1.16) | 0.44 | 0.55 (0.49–0.62) | <.0001 |
| Voice diagnosis‡ | ||||
| Acute laryngitis | 2.98 (2.56–3.46) | <.0001 | 0.55 (0.46–0.65) | <.0001 |
| Chronic laryngitis | 2.32 (1.69–3.20) | <.0001 | 2.21 (1.54–3.18) | <.0001 |
| Benign neoplasm of the larynx | 1.83 (1.41–2.37) | <.0001 | 2.48 (1.86–3.31) | <.0001 |
| Laryngeal cancer | 0.72 (0.54–0.95) | 0.021 | 6.80 (4.79–9.65) | <.0001 |
| Combined nonspecific dysphonia | 1.32 (1.14–1.54) | 0.0003 | 16.11 (13.06–19.88) | <.0001 |
| Vocal fold paresis/paralysis | 0.47 (0.38–0.58) | <.0001 | 4.31 (3.43–5.41) | <.0001 |
| Laryngeal stenosis | 0.30 (0.19–0.47) | <.0001 | 7.07 (4.46–11.21) | <.0001 |
| Laryngeal spasm | 0.65 (0.48–0.88) | 0.0054 | 3.22 (2.25–4.60) | <.0001 |
| Mental Health disorder before Voice disorder | ||||
| Yes | 1.29 (1.18–1.40) | <.0001 | 0.87 (0.79–0.96) | 0.0062 |
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Chronic laryngitis | 2.32 (1.69–3.20) | <.0001 | 2.21 (1.54–3.18) | <.0001 |
| Benign neoplasm of the larynx | 1.83 (1.41–2.37) | <.0001 | 2.48 (1.86–3.31) | <.0001 |
| Laryngeal cancer | 0.72 (0.54–0.95) | 0.021 | 6.80 (4.79–9.65) | <.0001 |
| Combined nonspecific dysphonia | 1.32 (1.14–1.54) | 0.0003 | 16.11 (13.06–19.88) | <.0001 |
| Vocal fold paresis/paralysis | 0.47 (0.38–0.58) | <.0001 | 4.31 (3.43–5.41) | <.0001 |
| Laryngeal stenosis | 0.30 (0.19–0.47) | <.0001 | 7.07 (4.46–11.21) | <.0001 |
| Laryngeal spasm | 0.65 (0.48–0.88) | 0.0054 | 3.22 (2.25–4.60) | <.0001 |
| Mental Health disorder before Voice disorder | ||||
| Yes | 1.29 (1.18–1.40) | <.0001 | 0.87 (0.79–0.96) | 0.0062 |
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
†
Referent is not having the specific type of insurance
‡
Referent is not having the specific voice diagnosis