Table 2.

A summary of recent approaches carried out to formulate drug delivery systems for topical management of psoriasis using polymeric nanoparticles.

Drug	Drug delivery system	Method of preparation	Findings
Tretinoin	Lipid-core PCL nanocapsules	Interfacial deposition	Decreased skin permeation and photodegradation (Ourique, 2011)
	PCL lipid-core nanocapsules	Interfacial deposition	Enhanced antiproliferative activity (a significant decrease in the mitotic index) (FACHINETTO et al., 2008)
Tacrolimus	Chitosan-Nicotinamide nanoparticles Hyaluraunic acid-cholesterol-nicotinamide nanocarriers	Ionic gelation Ultrasonic cell disruption of a nicotinamide solution of tacrolimus and hyalauronic-acid cholesterol conjugate	Better drug solubility, EE and stabilityEnhanced permeability (Yu et al., 2017) Improved solubility and facilitated drug loading, Enhanced skin permeation (Gabriel et al., 2016; Wan et al., 2017)
	mPEG-hexPLA nanoparticles	Emulsion solvent diffusion method	Higher drug loading, Better accumulation in the SC (Gabriel et al., 2016)
Curcumin	PLGA nanoparticles	Anti-solvent and flash precipitation	Accumulation in the SC and sustained release (Sun et al., 2017)
	RRR-α-tocopheryl succinate-grafted-ε-polylysine conjugate	Dialysis-homogenization	Sustained release and enhanced efficacy by an occlusive effect through skin hydration (Mao et al., 2017)
Nile red as a model for lipophilic compounds	Core multishell dendritic carriers	Modified film uptake	A promising biocompatible carrier for antipsoriasis agents (Pischon et al., 2017)
Clobeatsol propionate	Lecithin-chitosan nanoparticles	Direct injection of soybean lecithin ethanolic solution into chitosan solution	Better skin accumulation, Low transdermal delivery (Şenyiğit et al., 2010)
	PLGA microparticulates	Emulsion solvent evaporation	Improved in vitro antipsoriatic activity (Badıllı et al., 2011)
	PCL lipid-core nanocapsules	Interfacial deposition	Improved anti-inflammatory efficacy (Fontana et al., 2011)
Cyclosporin A	Micellar nanocarriers	Solvent evaporation method	Better SC deposition and solubility (Lapteva et al., 2014)
	PLGA nanoparticles	Modified emulsion-diffusion-evaporation Method	Better percutaneous delivery Minimized transdermal side effects (Jain et al., 2011)
Methotrexate	PolyNIPAM-co-BA Nanogel	Surfactant-free emulsion polymerization	PH-responsive formula Better skin accumulation with a minimum lag time Minimized transdermal side effects (Singka et al., 2010)
Hydrocortisone	PCL nanoparticles	Modified solvent displacement method	Good polymer biocompatibility (Rosado et al., 2013)

EE: entrapment efficiency; SC: stratum corneum; PolyNIPAM-co-BA: poly N-isopropylacrylamide co-butylaccrylate.