Table 3.

Recent approaches utilizing metallic nanoparticles in management of chronic psoriasis.

Metallic nanoparticle	P.S range	Active ingredient	Method of preparation	Conclusion
Gold	13–52 nm	Corneal cherry (Cornus mas)extract	Green synthesis	Nanoparticles specifically target macrophages in psoriatic skin plaques (Crisan et al., 2018). No significant cytotoxic effects on culture cell lines.
	2–24 nm			TNF-α decreased production and IL-6 increased production in culture cell line (Perde-Schrepler et al., 2016)  Lower cytotoxicity than chemically synthesized citrate-coated gold nanoparticles.
	10–15 nm	Short interfering RNAs	Chemical synthesis	Efficient suppression of gene expression and T cell production (Nemati et al., 2017). No toxicity on skin cells.
	4–5 nm	Methotrexate	Chemical synthesis	Efficient cell growth inhibition when compared to drug alone and deeper skin penetration. No reported toxicity on skin cells (Bessar et al., 2016).
	11–90 nm	A natural extract of berries; cyaniding 3-O-glucoside and cyaniding 3-O-sambuboside	Green synthesis	Anti-inflammatory effect of cyaniding 3-O-sambuboside > cyaniding 3-O-glucoside > hydrocortisone (Crisan et al., 2013) Immunohistological examination showed no cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo.
Silver	9–82 nm	Corneal cherry (Cornus mas)extract	Green synthesis	Nanoparticles specifically target macrophages in psoriatic skin plaques (Crisan et al., 2018). No significant cytotoxic effects on culture cell lines.
	20–80 nm	A natural extract of berries rich in polyphenols and anthocyanins	Green synthesis	Proved to decrease cytokine production both in vitro and in vivo (David et al., 2014). Better anti-inflammatory effect than hydrocortisone. Cytotoxicity reported.
Platinum	1.7–3.1 nm	No added therapeutic agent	Chemical synthesis	Inhibition of a major signaling pathway of inflammation (Rehman et al., 2012)  No vital cytotoxic effects reported.