Table 4.
Changes in Intermediate Outcomes During 5.4-Year Average Follow-up
| Outcome (TM/HE No.) |
TM Group Change, Mean (SE) |
HE Group Change, Mean (SE) |
Net Difference (TM–HE) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systolic BP, mm Hg (86/97) |
0.022 (1.264) | 4.883 (1.184) | −4.861 | .01 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg (86/97) |
−3.433 (0.683) | −1.877 (0.643) | −1.556 | .27 |
| HR, bpm (86/97) |
0.518 (0.541) | −0.145 (0.509) | 0.663 | .01 |
| BMI, wt/ht2 (86/97) |
−0.070 (0.274) | −0.144 (0.258) | 0.074 | .94 |
| Exercise, hr/d (81/88) |
0.454 (0.327) | 0.440 (0.316) | 0.014 | .13 |
| Alcohol, drinks/wk (80/90) |
−2.494 (0.424) | −3.109 (0.400) | 0.615 | .46 |
| Cigarettes, No./d (84/93) |
−0.637 (0.324) | −0.027 (0.309) | −0.610 | .16 |
| Anger-in (85/94) |
−1.826 (0.399) | −1.618 (0.378) | −0.209 | .02 |
| Anger-out (85/94) |
0.266 (0.338) | −0.156 (0.321) | 0.422 | .87 |
| Anger control (85/94) |
−0.267 (0.290) | −1.344 (0.277) | 1.077 | .02 |
| Total anger (85/94) |
−1.171 (0.750) | −0.531 (0.712) | −0.640 | .03 |
| Depression (85/93) |
−0.252 (0.713) | 0.686 (0.680) | −0.938 | .20 |
| Hostility (84/92) |
−0.703 (0.346) | −0.621 (0.330) | −0.082 | .53 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); BP, blood pressure; HE, health education control group; HR, heart rate; TM, Transcendental Meditation program.