Table 3.
Urine biomarkers of kidney injury after administration of 90 mg tin protoporphyrin
| Analyte per Participant Subgroup | Baseline | Day 1 | Day 2 | Day 3 | Day 4 | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NAG (mU/mg Cr) | 2.0±1.5 | 2.83±1.167.5 | 3.16±1.16 | 2.51±0.64 | 2.66±0.8 | 0.35 |
| HVs | ||||||
| CKD3 | 4.4±3.52 | 5.66±3.44 | 8.2±3.44 | 6.5±1.7 | 5.9±2.1 | 0.11 |
| CKD4 | 9.0±4.7 | 12.5±11.34 | 10.6±7.5 | 10.5±5.6 | 6.2±3.4 | 0.21 |
| NGAL (ng/mg Cr) | ||||||
| HVs | 14.3±18.2 | 21.1±28.7 | 14.8±13.1 | 14.0±8.7 | 10.2±5.6 | 0.9 |
| CKD3 | 71.2±64.1 | 46.5±35.3 | 35.8±23.2 | 49.8±39.7 | 42.6±51.7 | 0.41 |
| CKD4 | 46.5±58.7 | 58.0±79.1 | 64.8±91.0 | 47.3±60.2 | 48.0±49.5 | 0.49 |
| Cystatin C (ng/mg Cr) | ||||||
| HVs | 30.0±19.5 | 32.1±15.1 | 34.8±7.2 | 39.6±9.4 | 40.4±9.3 | 0.49 |
| CKD3 | 31.0±7.7 | 26.8±12.9 | 32.2±9.8 | 34.0±9.4 | 33.2±33.2 | 0.35 |
| CKD4 | 298±438 | 332±519 | 638±965 | 186±213 | 207±238 | 0.47 |
| KIM-1 (ng/mg Cr) | ||||||
| HVs | 0.97±0.5 | 0.7±0.5 | 0.8±0.7 | 0.7±0.4 | 0.6±0.4 | 0.5 |
| CKD3 | 0.6±0.2 | 0.8±0.2 | 1.5±0.6 | 1.4±0.6 | 0.9±0.2 | 0.08 |
| CKD4 | 0.8±0.5 | 0.8±1.0 | 1.2±1.0 | 1.2±1.0 | 1.0±0.8 | 0.11 |
The urinary biomarker values, as factored by urine creatinine. The eGFRs were assessed at baseline and days 1–4 post–tin protoporphyrin injection. No significant changes over time were observed for any of the analytes (see P values). All values=means±1 SD. The P values are given for changes over time. NAG, N-acetyl glucosaminidase; Cr, creatinine; HVs, healthy volunteers; CKD3, CKD stage 3 (eGFR of 30–59 ml/min per 1.73 m2); CKD4, CKD stage 4 (eGFR of 15–29 ml/min per 1.73 m2); NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; KIM-1, kidney injury molecule 1.