Table 4.

Baseline and peak plasma values of tested proteins demonstrating degrees of responsiveness to the highest tested dose of tin protoporphyrin (90 mg)

Group	HO-1		Ferritin		NQO1		p21
	Baseline	Peak	Baseline	Peak	Baseline	Peak	Baseline	Peak
Healthy volunteers	3.4±1.4	11.2±3.8	36±18	60±25	3.1±0.6	5.0±1.8	208±158	551±350
CKD (eGFR 15–59 ml/min per 1.73 m2)	5.2±1.5	26±11	95±59	141±20	3.0±0.5	5.4±2.0	453±236	577±254

Baseline and maximal (peak) plasma antioxidant protein concentrations (ng/ml), as generated with the highest test dose of tin protoporphyrin (90 mg). The data indicate the ability of tin protoporphyrin to upregulate HO-1, ferritin, NQO1, and p21 gene/protein expression. The values presented are means and 95% confidence intervals. Please see the figures for change of values over time and statistics by ANOVA for repeated measures. All peak values are significantly higher than baseline values, although the CKD group had a significantly blunted p21 response compared with the healthy volunteer group (see text). The timing of the peak values were 4 d, 12 h, 12 h, and 4 h for HO-1, ferritin, p21, and NQO1, respectively. HO-1, heme oxygenase 1; NQO1, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) 1; CKD, CKD stage 3 and CKD stage 4 groups combined.