Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by CKD status
| Characteristic | No CKD, n=196 | CKD, n=134 |
|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 76±6 | 81±7 |
| Women, n (%) | 109 (56) | 68 (51) |
| Race, n (%) | ||
| Black | 41 (21) | 23 (17) |
| White | 148 (76) | 109 (81) |
| Other | 7 (4) | 2 (2) |
| Education, n (%) | ||
| High school or less | 61 (31) | 44 (33) |
| College | 82 (42) | 63 (47) |
| Postgraduate | 53 (27) | 27 (20) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29±7 | 29±5 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 36 (18) | 29 (22) |
| Neuropathy, n (%) | 22 (11) | 15 (11) |
| Peripheral arterial disease, n=327, n (%) | 7 (4) | 1 (1) |
| Hypertension, n=329, n (%) | 114 (59) | 85 (63) |
| Stroke, n=329, n (%) | 4 (2) | 3 (2) |
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 7 (4) | 16 (12) |
| Comorbidities (global health score), n (%) | ||
| 0 | 40 (20) | 15 (11) |
| 1 | 57 (29) | 41 (31) |
| 2 | 65 (33) | 45 (34) |
| 3+ | 34 (17) | 33 (25) |
| Medication count | 4 (2–6) | 5 (3–7) |
| Diuretic use, n (%) | 23 (12) | 30 (22) |
| eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 76±10 | 45±11 |
| Serum bicarbonate, mEq/L | 26±2 | 25±3 |
| Acidosis, n (%)a | 26 (13) | 20 (15) |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl (n=318) | 13.6±1.2 | 13.1±1.7 |
| Mean arterial pressure, n=323, mm Hg | 97±10 | 94±11 |
| Exercise (in past 30 d), n=320, n (%) | 152 (79) | 93 (73) |
| Walking while talking variables | ||
| Speed, cm/s | 75±23 | 65±24 |
| Cadence, steps per 1 min | 84±19 | 79±19 |
| Step length, cm | 53±11 | 48±12 |
| Swing, % | 33±5 | 31±5 |
| Stance, % | 67±5 | 69±5 |
| Double support, % | 34±8 | 37±9 |
| Step time SD, s | 0.04 (0.02–0.07) | 0.05 (0.03–0.1) |
| Swing time SD, s | 0.03 (0.02–0.06) | 0.04 (0.03–0.08) |
| Alphabet recited correctly, no. of letters | 7±3 | 7±3 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD, median (interquartile range), or count (percentage). CKD is defined as eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2.
a
Acidosis defined as serum bicarbonate <23 mEq/L.