Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of German CKD study participants, stratified by quartiles of serum uromodulin (n=5143)
| Characteristics | Total Cohort (n=5143) | Quartile 1 (n=1286) | Quartile 2 (n=1287) | Quartile 3 (n=1285) | Quartile 4 (n=1285) | Missing Data (n [%]) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum uromodulin range (ng/ml) | 0.0–490.4 | ≤55.6 | >55.6–83.4 | >83.4–125.3 | >125.3 | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (yr) | 60±12 | 61±12 | 61±11 | 60±12 | 58±13 | 1 (0) |
| Male | 3088 (60) | 833 (65) | 824 (64) | 766 (60) | 665 (52) | 0 (0) |
| Laboratory measures | ||||||
| eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 4007 (78) | 1185 (92) | 1116 (87) | 984 (77) | 722 (56) | 28 (0.5) |
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 49±18 | 40±13 | 45±14 | 51±17 | 62±20 | 28 (0.5) |
| Albuminuria (ACR>30 mg/g Cr) | 2987 (58) | 867 (67) | 793 (62) | 720 (56) | 607 (47) | 83 (2) |
| ACR (mg/g Cr) | 51 (10–389) | 89 (15–603) | 61 (13–426) | 43 (9–350) | 24 (7–250) | 83 (2) |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 13.6±1.7 | 13.1±1.7 | 13.5±1.7 | 13.8±1.6 | 14.0±1.5 | 96 (2) |
| CRP (mg/dl) | 2.3 (1.0–5.0) | 3.0 (1.3–6.6) | 2.5 (1–5.5) | 2.2 (1–4.9) | 1.7 (0.8–3.5) | 27 (0.5) |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.2±1.0 | 6.5±1.2 | 6.4±1.0 | 6.4±1.0 | 6.1±0.8 | 37 (0.7) |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 211±53 | 206±54 | 207±53 | 214±50 | 218±52 | 33 (0.6) |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 118±43 | 112±44 | 115±44 | 121±42 | 125±44 | 38 (0.7) |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 52±18 | 48±17 | 50±17 | 53±18 | 57±19 | 37 (0.7) |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 113 (89–143) | 182 (126–268) | 177 (123–247) | 161 (115–233) | 155 (105–212) | 38 (0.7) |
| Phosphate (mg/dl) | 3.4±0.6 | 3.5±0.7 | 3.4±0.6 | 3.4±0.6 | 3.4±0.6 | 26 (0.5) |
| Uric acid (mg/dl) | 7.2±1.9 | 7.8±2.1 | 7.4±1.9 | 7.2±1.7 | 6.4±1.7 | 26 (0.5) |
| Cardiovascular risk factors and prevalent cardiovascular disease | ||||||
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 140±20 | 140±21 | 141±21 | 140±20 | 138±20 | 32 (0.6) |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 79±12 | 78±13 | 80±12 | 80±12 | 80±11 | 32 (0.6) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.8±6.0 | 31.0±6.5 | 30.1±5.9 | 29.7±5.8 | 28.4±5.3 | 53 (1) |
| Diabetes | 1830 (36) | 575 (45) | 490 (38) | 465 (36) | 300 (23) | 0 (0) |
| Hypertension | 4952 (96) | 1268 (99) | 1271 (99) | 1239 (96) | 1174 (91) | 3 (0.1) |
| Coronary heart disease | 1022 (20) | 310 (24) | 284 (22) | 258 (20) | 170 (13) | 2 (0) |
| Stroke | 497 (10) | 151 (12) | 143 (11) | 118 (9) | 85 (7) | 2 (0) |
| Smoking history | 15 (0.3) | |||||
| Never | 2101 (41) | 467 (36) | 494 (38) | 546 (43) | 594 (46) | |
| Former | 2213 (43) | 585 (46) | 573 (45) | 537 (42) | 518 (40) | |
| Current | 815 (16) | 228 (18) | 217 (17) | 199 (16) | 171 (13) | |
| Unknown | 14 (0) | 6 (0) | 3 (0) | 3 (0) | 2 (0) | |
| Medication use | ||||||
| ACE inhibitor | 2434 (47) | 639 (50) | 609 (47) | 624 (49) | 562 (44) | 0 (0) |
| Angiotensin-II receptor blocker | 2142 (42) | 583 (45) | 563 (44) | 533 (42) | 463 (36) | 0 (0) |
| Diuretic | 3133 (61) | 976 (76) | 870 (68) | 744 (58) | 543 (42) | 0 (0) |
| Lipid-lowering therapy | 2624 (51) | 734 (57) | 709 (55) | 632 (49) | 549 (43) | 0 (0) |
| β-Blocker | 2822 (55) | 828 (64) | 773 (60) | 678 (53) | 543 (42) | 0 (0) |
| Calcium-channel blocker | 2036 (40) | 605 (47) | 565 (44) | 488 (38) | 378 (29) | 0 (0) |
| Lifestyle factors | ||||||
| Drinking | 31 (0.6) | |||||
| Light | 4142 (81) | 1003 (78) | 1036 (81) | 1062 (83) | 1041 (81) | |
| Heavy | 971 (19) | 272 (21) | 244 (19) | 217 (17) | 238 (19) | |
| Unknown | 30 (0) | 11 (0) | 7 (0) | 6 (0) | 6 (0) | |
| Underlying kidney disease | 0 (0) | |||||
| Diabetes | 1382 (27) | 454 (35) | 376 (29) | 341 (27) | 211 (16) | |
| Hypertension | 2121 (41) | 576 (45) | 558 (43) | 528 (41) | 459 (36) | |
| Systemic disease | 606 (12) | 140 (11) | 142 (11) | 164 (13) | 160 (13) | |
| GN | 1171 (23) | 288 (22) | 278 (22) | 274 (21) | 331 (26) | |
| Interstitial nephropathy | 437 (9) | 94 (7) | 111 (9) | 115 (9) | 117 (9) | |
| Hereditary | 232 (5) | 59 (5) | 58 (5) | 72 (6) | 43 (3) | |
| Obstructive | 374 (7) | 79 (6) | 103 (8) | 88 (7) | 104 (8) | |
| AKI | 242 (5) | 75 (6) | 65 (5) | 62 (5) | 40 (3) | |
| Solitary kidney | 324 (8) | 92 (7) | 69 (5) | 76 (6) | 87 (7) | |
| Miscellaneous | 236 (5) | 74 (6) | 53 (4) | 42 (3) | 67 (5) | |
| Undetermined | 319 (6) | 71 (6) | 72 (6) | 82 (6) | 94 (7) | |
Continuous variables are presented as mean and SD or median and interquartile range, and categoric variables are presented in percentage of referring population, unless otherwise specified. ACR, albumin-creatinine ratio; CRP, C-reactive protein; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; BMI, body mass index; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme.