Fig 4. Active range of motion positions.
Schematic movement directions measured for active range of motion (ROM) on the affected side; shoulder flexion (A), horizontal shoulder flexion/extension (B and C), seated shoulder abduction (D) and internal/external shoulder rotation (F, 1 (internal) and 2 (external)) performed with 90° shoulder abduction and elbow flexion. Starting positions are marked in bold with arrows referencing movement direction (large) and axis of rotation (small) of the arm and shoulder.
