FIG 3.

Valinomycin is antiviral over multiple rounds of infection. Huh7 cells were treated with 2 μM valinomycin for 2 h prior to infection at an MOI of 0.01. (A) Cellular supernatant was collected at the times indicated, and viral titers were determined with a plaque assay. (B) Viral RNA was purified from infected cell supernatant at 48 hpi and quantified by qPCR using primers specific to each genome segment. (C and D) Huh7 cells were treated with (C) 2 μM and (D) 5 μM valinomycin at various times prior to and after infection. Virus titers were determined with a plaque assay at 24 hpi. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01 using two-tailed Student’s t test; n = 2 or 3. Error bars represent one standard error of the mean.