In vivo combination effect of OPC-167832 with DLM, BDQ, LVX, or LZD. The combination effect of OPC-167832 with DMD (A), BDQ (B), LVX (C), or LZD (D) in M. tuberculosis Kurono-infected ICR female mice was evaluated. Each value represents the mean of results from five samples, and the error bars are SD from five replicates. The significance level of the test was set at 5%. Statistically significant differences between the treated groups and the vehicle group were determined by Dunnett’s test. The significant differences between the combined treatment groups and their single-agent treatment groups were also determined by Dunnett’s test. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; NS, not significant.