Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Discovery cohort (n=39) | Validation cohort 1 (n=395) | Validation cohort 2 (n=1000) | |||||||
| SCAD | UCAD | Control | SCAD | UCAD | Control | SCAD | UCAD | SubA | |
| N | 14 | 25 | 192 | 139 | 64 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 |
| Age, years±SD | 61.5±10.4 | 62.8±10.1 | 46.5±7.3 | 65.2±11.6* | 66.4±11.8* | 46.0±7.7 | 51.2±9.8* | 62.1±13.3*† | 53.7±9.8*†‡ |
| Gender, male, n (%) | 10 (71) | 18 (72) | 61 (32) | 89 (64)* | 41 (64)* | 83 (33) | 188 (75)* | 177 (71)* | 125 (50)*†‡ |
| BMI, kg/m2, n (%) | 24.9±2.2 | 26.1±3.4 | 27.1±4 | 27.1±4 | 26.9±3.9 | 26.5±4.5 | 27.7±4.5 | 27.0±4.3 | 26.9±6.9 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 2 (14) | 2 (8) | 6 (3) | 31 (22)* | 12 (19)* | 4 (2) | 34 (14)* | 32 (13)* | 32 (13)* |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 3 (21) | 12 (48) | 38 (20) | 86 (62)* | 32 (50) * | 54 (22) | 98 (39)* | 86 (34)* | 110 (44)*‡ |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 3 (21) | 9 (36) | 42 (22) | 37 (27) | 19 (30) | 49 (20) | 56 (22) | 101 (40)*† | 54 (22)‡ |
| Hypercholesterolaemia, n (%) | 5 (36) | 8 (32) | 49 (26) | 54 (39)* | 21 (33) | 57 (23) | 90 (36)* | 54 (22)† | 86 (35)*‡ |
| Glucose, mmol/L | – | – | – | – | – | 5.2±0.5 | 6.3±4.9* | 8.5±3.3* † | 5.9±4.0 ‡ |
| History of | |||||||||
| MI, n (%) | 5 (36) | 5 (20) | 0 | 51 (37)* | 26 (41)* | – | 169 (68) | 35 (14)† | – |
| PCI, n (%) | 1 (7) | 4 (16) | 0 | 52 (37)* | 20 (31)* | – | 61 (24) | 24(10)† | – |
| CABG, n (%) | 2 (14) | 0 | 0 | 9 (6)* | 6 (9)* | – | 20 (8) | 5 (2)† | – |
| Type of disease (acute phase) | |||||||||
| SAP, n (%) | 14 (100) | 0† | – | 139 (100) | 0† | – | – | 0 (0) | – |
| UAP, n (%) | 0 | 0 | – | 0 | 59 (92)† | – | – | 0 (0) | – |
| NSTEMI, n (%) | 0 | 0 | – | 0 | 5 (8)† | – | – | 0 (0) | – |
| STEMI, n (%) | 0 | 25 (100)† | – | 0 | 0 | – | – | 250 (100) | – |
| Lipid profile | |||||||||
| ALAT (U/L) | – | – | – | – | – | 22.8±1.5 | 30.54±1.6* | 22.3±1.9† | 25.1±1.5†‡ |
| GGT (U/L) | – | – | – | – | – | 23.0±1.8 | 35.5±1.9* | 34.9±1.6* | 27.7±1.7*†‡ |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | – | – | – | – | – | 5.24 (1.95–9.7) | 4.30 (2.32–8.20)* | 5.30 (1.90–9.30) † | 5.60 (2.79–8.80)† ‡ |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | – | – | – | – | – | 1.10 (0.20–8.90) | 1.29 (0.43–8.00) | 0.90 (0.30–4.70)† | 1.20 (0.44–5.80) ‡ |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | – | – | – | – | – | 1.40 (0.78–2.90) | 1.21 (0.60–2.40)* | 1.03 (0.53–2.09)*† | 1.39 (0.50–3.52)†‡ |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | – | – | – | – | – | 3.22 (1.29–7.53) | 2.39 (0.41–5.60)* | 3.70 (0.72–7.49)*† | 3.59 (1.08–6.57)†‡ |
All values are given as mean±SD for continuous variables and median for lipid profile or as absolute number (percentage) for dichotomous variable. P values were obtained using ANOVA with post hoc T-tests for numerical values, Kruskal-Wallis test for median and χ2 tests were performed for dichotomous and categorical variables.
*P<0.05 compared with control.
†P<0.05 compared with SCAD.
‡P<0.05 compared with UCAD.
ALAT, alanine aminotransferase; ANOVA, analysis of variance; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CV medication, cardiovascular medication (ie, aspirin, beta-blocker, calcium antagonist, nitrates, ACE-inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blocker or statins); GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MI, myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non- ST-elevation myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; SAP, stable angina pectoris; SCAD, stable coronary artery disease; STEMI, ST-elevation myocardial infarction; UAP, unstable angina pectoris; UCAD, unstable coronary artery disease.