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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Physiol Behav. 2019 Dec 27;215:112796. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112796

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

Urinary frequency and volume per void by group over time (average ± standard error). Water avoidance stress (WAS) increased urinary frequency and decreased volume per void (average ± standard error). Significant changes from baseline (**= p < 0.05) were noted for both groups in the frequency variable, and for the sedentary group in the volume/void variable, with no significant group difference. With voluntary exercise, the exercise group (WAS/EX, n = 12) showed a decline in urinary frequency and increase in volume per void back to baseline compared to the no-exercise group (WAS/no-EX, n = 14). Significant group differences for the frequency variable were noted at weeks 2 and 3 (*=p < 0.02 for both weeks), which was confirmed with multivariable mixed modeling (p = 0.02). For the volume/void variable, there was a trend towards significance (p = 0.08) at week 3, with significant group differences demonstrated on multivariable mixed modeling (p = 0.02). Data presented is reproduced from Sanford et al. [82].