Table 5. Selected parameter estimates from models 1 to 4.

Race coefficient estimates, their effect sizes, and variance components estimates from four hierarchical linear models for preliminary overall impact scores fit on n = 7471 reviews of 2566 applications. Model 1 controls for structural covariates; model 2 controls for structural and applicant/application-specific covariates; model 3 controls for structural covariates and criterion scores; model 4 controls for structural and applicant/application-specific covariates and criterion scores. Control variables are listed in Table 1. Coefficient estimates for control variables are not shown. Significance * is reported for P < 0.005. In mixed-effects models, multiple effect sizes exist for a given coefficient; we report the coefficient divided by the residual SD. For more information, see (49).

Parameters	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
Race fixed effect
Coefficient	0.466*	0.350*	0.010	0.014
(SE)	(0.062)	(0.051)	(0.017)	(0.018)
P	<0.005	<0.005	0.561	0.431
Effect size	0.358	0.272	0.018	0.025
Random effects
Reviewer SD	0.507	0.500	0.286	0.286
PI SD	0.883	0.578	0.100	0.082
SRG SD	0.343	0.271	0.084	0.075
Residual SD	1.300	1.284	0.565	0.562