Table 1.
Individual irritability-like behaviors
| Baseline | 12-h self-administration | 12-h withdrawal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Behavior | Repeated-measures ANOVA | Mean ± SEM | SNK post hoc test | Mean ± SEM | SNK post hoc test | Mean ± SEM | SNK post hoc test |
| Escape |
F2,36 = 23.09 p < 0.0005 |
4.35 ± 0.50 |
p < 0.05, vs. SA p < 0.0005, vs. WD |
5.40 ± 0.33 |
p < 0.05, vs. BSL p < 0.0005, vs. WD |
2.28 ± 0.27 |
p < 0.0005, vs. BSL p < 0.0005, vs. WD |
| Digging | n.p. | 0.05 ± 0.05 | n.a. | 0.02 ± 0.02 | n.a. | 0.00 ± 0.00 | n.a. |
| Jumping |
F2,36 = 3.82 p < 0.05 |
0.81 ± 0.34 | p <0.05, vs. WD | 0.40 ±0.21 | n.s. | 0.05 ± 0.05 | p < 0.05, vs. BSL |
| Climbing |
F2,36 = 18.75 p < 0.0005 |
1.88 ± 0.27 |
p < 0.0005, vs. SA p < 0.0005, vs. WD |
4.39 ± 0.41 | p < 0.0005, vs. BSL | 3.84 ± 0.42 | p < 0.0005, vs. BSL |
| Defecation | n.p. | 0.11 ±0.07 | n.a. | 0.00 ± 0.00 | n.a. | 0.12 ±0.12 | n.a. |
| Vocalization |
F2,36 = 3.34 p < 0.05 |
0.30 ± 0.23 | p <0.05, vs. WD | 0.19 ±0.12 | n.s. | 1.09 ± 0.45 | p <0.05, vs. WD |
| Grooming | n.s. | 0.11 ± 0.11 | n.a. | 0.26 ±0.16 | n.a. | 0.47 ±0.16 | n.a. |
| Total defensive |
F2,36 = 6.83 p < 0.005 |
7.60 ± 0.95 | p < 0.05, vs. SA | 10.67 ± 0.55 | p < 0.05, vs. BSL p < 0.005, vs. WD | 7.86 ± 0.68 | p < 0.005, vs. SA |
| Smelling |
F2,36 = 3.50 p < 0.05 |
1.53 ± 0.39 | n.s. | 0.63 ±0.19 | p < 0.05, vs. WD | 2.00 ± 0.43 | p < 0.05, vs. SA |
| Biting | n.s. | 0.02 ± 0.02 | n.a. | 0.04 ± 0.04 | n.a. | 0.14 ±0.06 | n.a. |
| Delayed biting | n.s. | 0.05 ± 0.04 | n.a. | 0.02 ± 0.02 | n.a. | 0.18 ±0.09 | n.a. |
| Boxing |
F2,36 = 6.57 p < 0.005 |
2.02 ± 0.39 | p < 0.05, vs. SA | 0.54 ±0.15 |
p < 0.05, vs. BSL p < 0.05, vs. WD |
2.19 ±0.52 | p < 0.05, vs. SA |
| Following |
F2,36 = 3.33 p < 0.05 |
2.40 ± 0.55 | n.s. | 0.86 ± 0.28 | p < 0.05, vs. WD | 2.32 ± 0.48 | p < 0.05, vs. SA |
| Exploration | n.s. | 1.39 ± 0.24 | n.a. | 0.70 ±0.21 | n.a. | 1.21 ±0.22 | n.a. |
| Total aggressive |
F2,36 = 7.12 p < 0.005 |
7.40 ± 1.25 | p < 0.005, vs. SA | 2.79 ± 0.69 |
p < 0.005, vs. BSL p < 0.005, vs. WD |
8.04 ±1.13 | p < 0.005, vs. SA |
Within-subjects repeated-measures ANOVAs were performed for each behavior. Significant effects in the within-subjects repeated-measures ANOVAwere followed by the SNK post hoc test. The F and p values are shown if the effects in the ANOVA were significant
n.s. non-significant; n.p. tests not performed because of data with no variance in one or more groups (e.g., all values of 0 for a behavior in one group); n.a. post hoc test not performed because no significant effect was found in the ANOVA; BSL baseline; SA self-administration; WD withdrawal