TABLE 2.
Prevalence of dietary supplement use in adult cancer survivors and individuals without cancer in NHANES 2003–20161
| Weighted % (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer survivors (n = 2772) | Individuals without cancer (n = 31,310) | P | |
| Any dietary supplements | 70.4 (68.0–72.9) | 51.2 (50.1–52.4) | <0.012 |
| Multivitamins/minerals | 48.9 (46.3–51.6) | 36.6 (35.5–37.6) | <0.012 |
| Vitamins | |||
| Vitamin D (μg/d) | 55.8 (53.2–58.4) | 38.3 (37.3–39.3) | <0.012 |
| Vitamin C (mg/d) | 49.9 (47.1–52.7) | 38.3 (37.3–39.3) | <0.012 |
| Vitamin E (mg/d) | 47.3 (44.4–50.2) | 35.4 (34.5–36.3) | <0.012 |
| Vitamin B-12 (μg/d) | 47.3 (44.8–49.8) | 36.0 (35.0–37.0) | <0.012 |
| Folic acid (DFE, μg/d) | 45.6 (43.0–48.2) | 34.5 (33.5–35.5) | <0.012 |
| Vitamin B-6 (mg/d) | 45.5 (42.9–48.0) | 34.7 (33.7–35.7) | <0.012 |
| Niacin (mg/d) | 44.2 (41.6–46.8) | 33.4 (32.4–34.4) | <0.012 |
| Riboflavin (mg/d) | 42.7 (40.2–45.2) | 32.4 (31.5–33.4) | <0.012 |
| Thiamin (mg/d) | 42.6 (40.0–45.1) | 32.4 (31.4–33.4) | <0.012 |
| Vitamin A (RAE, μg/d) | 43.3 (40.7–45.8) | 33.2 (32.3–34.1) | <0.012 |
| β-carotene (RAE, μg/d) | 43.2 (40.6–45.8) | 33.1 (32.2–34.0) | <0.012 |
| Retinol (RAE, μg/d) | 40.1 (37.5–42.6) | 29.7 (28.8–30.5) | <0.012 |
| Vitamin K (μg/d) | 33.7 (31.3–36.1) | 24.1 (23.3–24.9) | <0.012 |
| Choline (mg/d) | 5.98 (4.61–7.34) | 5.91 (5.48–6.33) | 0.92 |
| Minerals | |||
| Calcium (mg/d) | 50.0 (47.6–52.4) | 36.5 (35.5–37.4) | <0.012 |
| Zinc (mg/d) | 42.5 (40.0–45.1) | 32.2 (31.3–33.2) | <0.012 |
| Magnesium (mg/d) | 41.0 (38.7–43.4) | 30.2 (29.2–31.1) | <0.012 |
| Copper (mg/d) | 38.3 (35.6–40.9) | 28.1 (27.3–28.9) | <0.012 |
| Selenium (μg/d) | 36.8 (34.3–39.4) | 27.0 (26.1–27.9) | <0.012 |
| Potassium (mg/d) | 30.2 (27.8–32.7) | 21.0 (20.2–21.7) | <0.012 |
| Phosphorus (mg/d) | 26.9 (24.4–29.3) | 17.5 (16.8–18.2) | <0.012 |
| Iron (mg/d) | 22.7 (20.4–25.1) | 20.8 (20.0–21.6) | 0.12 |
| Other nutrients | |||
| Lycopene (μg/d) | 31.3 (28.0–34.6) | 18.9 (18.0–19.7) | <0.012 |
| Lutein or zeaxanthin (μg/d) | 24.2 (21.9–26.5) | 14.7 (14.1–15.4) | <0.012 |
| EPA or DHA (mg/d) | 15.4 (13.2–17.6) | 9.30 (8.56–10.0) | <0.012 |
| Fiber (g/d) | 3.58 (2.49–4.67) | 2.69 (2.36–3.03) | 0.12 |
1
Values are prevalences (95% CIs). The percentages (95% CIs) were adjusted for survey weights of NHANES. DFE, Dietary Folate Equivalents; RAE, Retinol Activity Equivalents.
2
Significant difference in the prevalence of dietary supplement uses between cancer survivors and individuals without cancer after multiple comparison adjustments using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure. The difference was considered statistically significant when the Benjamini-Hochberg–adjusted P value was less than the false discovery rate of 0.10 (21).