TABLE 3.
Mean total brain tissue volume across quartiles of total and 6 classes of flavonoid intake in members of the Framingham Offspring cohort, men and women with mean age 60.6 y1
| Mean total brain tissue volume, cm3 across flavonoid quartiles | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flavonoid class | Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | P-trend2 |
| Total flavonoids (median intake 237.3 mg) | (n = 514)3 | (n = 517) | (n = 514) | (n = 515) | |
| Model 14 | 1085 (1082, 1087) | 1089 (1086, 1091) | 1086 (1084, 1089) | 1090* (1087, 1092) | 0.06 |
| Model 25 | 1085 (1082, 1088) | 1088 (1085, 1090) | 1086 (1083, 1088) | 1089 (1086, 1091) | 0.16 |
| Model 36 | 1086 (1083, 1089) | 1089 (1086, 1091) | 1085 (1083, 1088) | 1089 (1086, 1091) | 0.37 |
| Flavonols (median intake 11.6 mg) | (n = 513) | (n = 519) | (n = 513) | (n = 515) | |
| Model 1 | 1086 (1083, 1089) | 1087 (1085, 1090) | 1087 (1085, 1090) | 1088 (1086, 1091) | 0.25 |
| Model 2 | 1086 (1083, 1088) | 1087 (1084, 1089) | 1087 (1084, 1090) | 1088 (1085, 1091) | 0.29 |
| Model 3 | 1085 (1082, 1088) | 1087 (1084, 1089) | 1087 (1085, 1090) | 1089 (1086, 1092) | 0.07 |
| Flavones (median intake 1.8 mg) | (n = 516) | (n = 514) | (n = 516) | (n = 514) | |
| Model 1 | 1086 (1083, 1089) | 1087 (1084, 1089) | 1089 (1087, 1092) | 1087 (1084, 1090) | 0.55 |
| Model 2 | 1086 (1083, 1089) | 1086 (1084, 1089) | 1089 (1086, 1092) | 1086 (1083, 1089) | 0.90 |
| Model 3 | 1086 (1084, 1089) | 1086 (1084, 1089) | 1089 (1086, 1091) | 1087 (1084, 1090) | 0.63 |
| Flavanones (median intake 39.9 mg) | (n = 513) | (n = 518) | (n = 517) | (n = 512) | |
| Model 1 | 1086 (1083, 1088) | 1088 (1085, 1091) | 1088 (1085, 1090) | 1088 (1085, 1090) | 0.40 |
| Model 2 | 1086 (1083, 1089) | 1087 (1085, 1090) | 1087 (1084, 1090) | 1087 (1084, 1090) | 0.62 |
| Model 3 | 1086 (1083, 1089) | 1088 (1085, 1090) | 1087 (1085, 1090) | 1087 (1085, 1090) | 0.67 |
| Flavan-3-ols (median intake 27.1 mg) | (n = 513) | (n = 516) | (n = 516) | (n = 515) | |
| Model 1 | 1087 (1084, 1090) | 1087 (1084, 1090) | 1088 (1085, 1091) | 1087 (1085, 1090) | 0.79 |
| Model 2 | 1087 (1084, 1089) | 1087 (1084, 1089) | 1087 (1085, 1090) | 1087 (1084, 1089) | 0.98 |
| Model 3 | 1087 (1084, 1089) | 1086 (1084, 1089) | 1088 (1086, 1091) | 1087 (1084, 1090) | 0.79 |
| Anthocyanins (median intake 11.2 mg) | (n = 511) | (n = 516) | (n = 516) | (n = 517) | |
| Model 1 | 1085 (1082, 1088) | 1088 (1085, 1090) | 1087 (1084, 1089) | 1090* (1087, 1093) | 0.02 |
| Model 2 | 1085 (1083, 1088) | 1087 (1084, 1090) | 1087 (1084, 1089) | 1088 (1086, 1091) | 0.14 |
| Model 3 | 1086 (1083, 1089) | 1087 (1084, 1090) | 1086 (1084, 1089) | 1089 (1086, 1092) | 0.15 |
| Flavonoid polymers (median intake 134.4 mg) | (n = 513) | (n = 520) | (n = 512) | (n = 515) | |
| Model 1 | 1086 (1083, 1088) | 1088 (1085, 1091) | 1086 (1084, 1089) | 1089 (1086, 1092) | 0.17 |
| Model 2 | 1086 (1083, 1089) | 1087 (1085, 1090) | 1086 (1083, 1088) | 1088 (1086, 1091) | 0.30 |
| Model 3 | 1087 (1084, 1090) | 1088 (1086, 1091) | 1085 (1083, 1088) | 1088 (1085, 1090) | 0.90 |
Values are cross-sectional means (95% CIs) of total brain tissue volumes across quartiles of total and 6 classes of flavonoid intakes, unless otherwise indicated.
P values for the test of linear trend across quartile categories were based on linear regression models with the median intake of each quartile category assigned to individuals with intake in that category, and this quartile median variable was used as a continuous measure in regression models. *Significantly different from quartile 1 by Dunnett's test, P < 0.05.
The n values are numbers of participants per quartile category for model 1.
Adjusted for age, sex, education, total energy intake, apoE ε4, and total intracranial vault volume; of the total 2086 observations, model 1 included 2060 observations.
Adjusted for model 1 + BMI, physical activity index, smoking, and prevalent hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetes; of the total 2086 observations, model 2 included 2015 observations.
Adjusted for model 1 covariates + overall dietary quality, vitamin and mineral supplement use, and dietary intakes of alcohol, ω-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA, and lutein and zeaxanthin; of the total 2086 observations, model 3 included 1976 observations.