Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of included subjects
| Alive, n=29,611 | CVD, n=5,448 | Infection, n=717 | Non-Prostate cancer, n=3,681 | Other cause, n=5,800 | Prostate cancer, n=4,607 | Total, n=49,864 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr)¶ | 63 (50-77) | 74 (59-87) | 75 (58-88) | 70 (56-83) | 73 (58-86) | 72 (54-88) | 67 (51-83) |
| Survival time (mo)¶ | 146 (131-155) | 77 (7-143) | 78 (6-141) | 78 (12-141) | 82 (11-143) | 59 (4-137) | 117 (16-154) |
| Race | |||||||
| API | 1,453 | 210 | 43 | 172 | 268 | 195 | 2,341 |
| (%) | (4.9) | (3.9) | (6.0) | (4.7) | (4.6) | (4.2) | (4.7) |
| Hispanic | 2,662 | 412 | 68 | 249 | 497 | 423 | 4,311 |
| (%) | (9.0) | (7.6) | (9.5) | (6.8) | (8.6) | (9.2) | (8.7) |
| NH Black | 3,830 | 865 | 143 | 553 | 807 | 812 | 7,010 |
| (%) | (12.9) | (15.9) | (19.9) | (15.0) | (13.9) | (17.6) | (14.1) |
| NH White | 21,093 | 3,920 | 461 | 2,690 | 4,189 | 3,147 | 35,500 |
| (%) | (71.2) | (72.0) | (64.3) | (73.1) | (72.2) | (68.3) | (71.2) |
| Unknown/Other | 573 | 41 | <15* | 17 | 39 | 30 | 702 |
| (%) | (1.9) | (0.8) | (0.5) | (0.7) | (0.7) | (1.4) | |
| TNM6 T category | |||||||
| T1/2 | 26,641 | 4,873 | 635 | 3,245 | 5,201 | 2,917 | 43,512 |
| (%) | (90.0) | (89.5) | (88.6) | (88.2) | (89.7) | (63.3) | (87.3) |
| T3/4 | 2,543 | 278 | 40 | 281 | 329 | 890 | 4,361 |
| (%) | (8.6) | (5.1) | (5.6) | (7.6) | (5.7) | (19.3) | (8.8) |
| Unknown/Other | 427 | 297 | 42 | 155 | 270 | 800 | 1,991 |
| (%) | (1.4) | (5.5) | (5.9) | (4.2) | (4.7) | (17.4) | (4.0) |
| TNM6 N category | |||||||
| 0 | 28,140 | 4,850 | 631 | 3,354 | 5,226 | 3,057 | 45,258 |
| (%) | (94.7) | (88.3) | (87.2) | (90.6) | (89.4) | (65.2) | (90.2) |
| 1 | 283 | 64 | <15* | 60 | 55 | 357 | 830 |
| (%) | (1.0) | (1.2) | (1.6) | (0.9) | (7.6) | (1.7) | |
| Unknown/Other | 1,307 | 579 | 82 | 289 | 566 | 1,272 | 4,095 |
| (%) | (4.4) | (10.5) | (11.3) | (7.8) | (9.7) | (27.1) | (8.2) |
| TNM6 M category | |||||||
| 0 | 28,615 | 4,911 | 648 | 3,389 | 5,291 | 2,794 | 45,648 |
| (%) | (96.3) | (89.4) | (89.5) | (91.5) | (90.5) | (59.6) | (91.0) |
| 1 | 160 | 182 | 25 | 120 | 174 | 1,363 | 2,024 |
| (%) | (0.5) | (3.3) | (3.5) | (3.2) | (3.0) | (29.1) | (4.0) |
| Unknown/Other | 955 | 400 | 51 | 194 | 382 | 529 | 2,511 |
| (%) | (3.2) | (7.3) | (7.0) | (5.2) | (6.5) | (11.3) | (5.0) |
| AJCC6 staging | |||||||
| 1 | 47 | 21 | <15* | <15* | 26 | <15* | 110 |
| (%) | (0.2) | (0.4) | (0.5) | (0.2) | |||
| 2 | 25476 | 4459 | 574 | 3013 | 4785 | 2054 | 40361 |
| (%) | (86.0) | (81.9) | (80.1) | (81.9) | (82.5) | (44.6) | (80.9) |
| 3 | 2110 | 173 | 19 | 200 | 216 | 328 | 3046 |
| (%) | (7.1) | (3.2) | (2.7) | (5.4) | (3.7) | (7.1) | (6.1) |
| 4 | 607 | 252 | 38 | 200 | 240 | 1595 | 2932 |
| (%) | (2.1) | (4.6) | (5.3) | (5.4) | (4.1) | (34.6) | (5.9) |
| Unknown/Other | 1371 | 543 | 81 | 258 | 533 | 629 | 3415 |
| (%) | (4.6) | (10.0) | (11.3) | (7.0) | (9.2) | (13.7) | (6.9) |
| Chemotherapy | |||||||
| None/Unknown | 29,617 | 5,472 | 720 | 3,671 | 5,821 | 4,516 | 49,817 |
| (%) | (99.6) | (99.6) | (99.5) | (99.1) | (99.6) | (96.4) | (99.3) |
| Received | 113 | 21 | <15* | 32 | 26 | 170 | 366 |
| (%) | (0.4) | (0.4) | (0.9) | (0.4) | (3.6) | (0.7) | |
| Radiotherapy | |||||||
| None/Unknown | 18,450 | 3,364 | 446 | 2,094 | 3,537 | 3,257 | 31,148 |
| (%) | (62.1) | (61.2) | (61.6) | (56.6) | (60.5) | (69.5) | (62.1) |
| Received | 11,280 | 2,129 | 278 | 1,609 | 2,310 | 1,429 | 19,035 |
| (%) | (37.9) | (38.8) | (38.4) | (43.5) | (39.5) | (30.5) | (37.9) |
| Surgery | |||||||
| Local Excision | 1,093 | 599 | 72 | 270 | 657 | 483 | 3,174 |
| (%) | (3.7) | (11.0) | (10.0) | (7.3) | (11.3) | (10.5) | (6.4) |
| No surgery | 15,142 | 4,261 | 578 | 2,649 | 4,413 | 3,666 | 30,709 |
| (%) | (51.1) | (78.2) | (80.6) | (72.0) | (76.1) | (79.6) | (61.6) |
| Prostatectomy | 13,376 | 588 | 67 | 762 | 730 | 458 | 15,981 |
| (%) | (45.2) | (10.8) | (9.3) | (20.7) | (12.6) | (9.9) | (32.1) |
| Rural-urban continuum 2003§ | |||||||
| Metro | 26,709 | 4,758 | 635 | 3,178 | 4,958 | 4,039 | 44,277 |
| (%) | (89.8) | (86.6) | (87.7) | (85.8) | (84.8) | (86.2) | (88.2) |
| Non-Metro | 3,021 | 735 | 89 | 525 | 889 | 647 | 5,906 |
| (%) | (10.2) | (13.4) | (12.3) | (14.2) | (15.2) | (13.8) | (11.8) |
| Census region | |||||||
| Midwest | 2,946 | 658 | 77 | 399 | 613 | 429 | 5,122 |
| (%) | (10.0) | (12.1) | (10.7) | (10.8) | (10.6) | (9.3) | (10.3) |
| Northeast | 4,797 | 882 | 123 | 631 | 874 | 721 | 8,028 |
| (%) | (16.2) | (16.2) | (17.2) | (17.1) | (15.1) | (15.7) | (16.1) |
| South | 5,573 | 1,140 | 176 | 843 | 1,393 | 1,009 | 10,134 |
| (%) | (18.8) | (20.9) | (24.6) | (22.9) | (24.0) | (21.9) | (20.3) |
| West | 16,295 | 2,768 | 341 | 1,808 | 2,920 | 2,448 | 26,580 |
| (%) | (55.0) | (50.8) | (47.6) | (49.1) | (50.3) | (53.1) | (53.3) |
| Percent of education attainment, quartile§ | |||||||
| Q1, <15.08 | 8,001 | 1,200 | 140 | 836 | 1,339 | 1,029 | 12,545 |
| (%) | (26.9) | (21.9) | (19.3) | (22.6) | (22.9) | (22.0) | (25.0) |
| Q2, 15.09-18.15 | 7,538 | 1,287 | 182 | 898 | 1,448 | 1,193 | 12,546 |
| (%) | (25.4) | (23.4) | (25.1) | (24.3) | (24.8) | (25.5) | (25.0) |
| Q3, 18.17-25.79 | 7,236 | 1,420 | 189 | 997 | 1,492 | 1,212 | 12,546 |
| (%) | (24.3) | (25.9) | (26.1) | (26.9) | (25.5) | (25.9) | (25.0) |
| Q4, >50.77 | 6,955 | 1,586 | 213 | 972 | 1,568 | 1,252 | 12,546 |
| (%) | (23.4) | (28.9) | (29.4) | (26.3) | (26.8) | (26.7) | (25.0) |
| Percent of persons in poverty, quartile§ | |||||||
| Q1, <21.18 | 8,034 | 1,210 | 160 | 865 | 1,305 | 1,044 | 12,618 |
| (%) | (27.0) | (22.0) | (22.1) | (23.4) | (22.3) | (22.3) | (25.1) |
| Q2, 21.33-29.81 | 7,655 | 1,258 | 152 | 929 | 1,364 | 1,129 | 12,487 |
| (%) | (25.8) | (22.9) | (21.0) | (25.1) | (23.3) | (24.1) | (24.9) |
| Q3, 29.86-37.36 | 7,276 | 1,493 | 220 | 986 | 1,662 | 1,256 | 12,893 |
| (%) | (24.5) | (27.2) | (30.4) | (26.6) | (28.4) | (26.8) | (25.7) |
| Q4, >67.40 | 6,765 | 1,532 | 192 | 923 | 1,516 | 1,257 | 12,185 |
| (%) | (22.8) | (27.9) | (26.5) | (24.9) | (25.9) | (26.8) | (24.3) |
| Percent of foreign-born residents, quartile§ | |||||||
| Q1, <5.95 | 6,864 | 1,467 | 188 | 1,041 | 1,747 | 1,254 | 12,561 |
| (%) | (23.1) | (26.7) | (26.0) | (28.1) | (29.9) | (26.8) | (25.0) |
| Q2, 5.98-15.22 | 7,739 | 1,399 | 172 | 922 | 1,498 | 1,157 | 12,887 |
| (%) | (26.0) | (25.5) | (23.8) | (24.9) | (25.6) | (24.7) | (25.7) |
| Q3, 15.45-21.55 | 7,412 | 1,257 | 179 | 866 | 1,342 | 1,171 | 12,227 |
| (%) | (24.9) | (22.9) | (24.7) | (23.4) | (23.0) | (25.0) | (24.4) |
| Q4, >38.52 | 7,715 | 1,370 | 185 | 874 | 1,260 | 1,104 | 12,508 |
| (%) | (26.0) | (24.9) | (25.6) | (23.6) | (21.6) | (23.6) | (24.9) |
| Confirmation method of diagnosis | |||||||
| Microscopic | 29,628 | 5,321 | 697 | 3,652 | 5,688 | 4,223 | 49,209 |
| (%) | (99.7) | (96.9) | (96.3) | (98.6) | (97.3) | (90.1) | (98.1) |
| Radiologic and clinic | 40 | 122 | 21 | 43 | 104 | 285 | 615 |
| (%) | (0.1) | (2.2) | (2.9) | (1.2) | (1.8) | (6.1) | (1.2) |
| Unknown/Other | 62 | 50 | <15* | <15* | 55 | 178 | 359 |
| (%) | (0.2) | (0.9) | (0.9) | (3.8) | (0.7) | ||
| PSA, quartiles (ng/ml) | |||||||
| <4.9 | 8,360 | 765 | 88 | 665 | 874 | 367 | 11,119 |
| (%) | (28.2) | (14.0) | (12.3) | (18.1) | (15.1) | (8.0) | (22.3) |
| 5.0-6.8 | 7,406 | 829 | 108 | 735 | 1,023 | 337 | 10,438 |
| (%) | (25.0) | (15.2) | (15.1) | (20.0) | (17.6) | (7.3) | (20.9) |
| 6.9-11.3 | 6,331 | 1,199 | 157 | 804 | 1,239 | 580 | 10,310 |
| (%) | (21.4) | (22.0) | (21.9) | (21.8) | (21.4) | (12.6) | (20.7) |
| 11.3+ | 4,081 | 1,487 | 216 | 887 | 1,494 | 2,331 | 10,496 |
| (%) | (13.8) | (27.3) | (30.1) | (24.1) | (25.8) | (50.6) | (21.1) |
| Unknown/Other | 3,433 | 1,168 | 148 | 590 | 1,170 | 992 | 7,501 |
| (%) | (11.6) | (21.4) | (20.6) | (16.0) | (20.2) | (21.5) | (15.0) |
| Gleason score | |||||||
| 5 | <15* | <15* | <15* | <15* | <15* | <15* | 15 |
| 6 | 264 | 37 | <15* | 21 | 26 | 19 | 374 |
| (%) | (0.9) | (0.7) | (0.6) | (0.5) | (0.4) | (0.8) | |
| 7 | 219 | 29 | <15* | 22 | 28 | 32 | 335 |
| (%) | (0.7) | (0.5) | (0.6) | (0.5) | (0.7) | (0.7) | |
| 8 | 36 | 15 | <15* | <15* | <15* | 20 | 94 |
| (%) | (0.1) | (0.3) | (0.4) | (0.2) | |||
| 9 | <15* | <15* | <15* | <15* | <15* | <15* | 65 |
| (%) | (0.1) | ||||||
| 10 | <15* | <15* | <15* | <15* | <15* | <15* | <15* |
| Unknown/Other | 29,069 | 5,358 | 701 | 3,624 | 5,728 | 4,493 | 48,973 |
| (%) | (98.2) | (98.4) | (97.8) | (98.5) | (98.8) | (97.5) | (98.2) |
Note: AJCC, 6th edition clinical staging of the American Joint Commission on Cancer; TNM6, 6th edition Tumor, node and metastasis staging manual of the American Joint Commission on Cancer; API, Asian Pacific Islanders; NH, Non-Hispanic; CVD, cardiovascular disease; PSA, Prostate specific antigen;
*
statistically suppressed;
¶
95% confidence intervals in parenthesis;
§
County attributes of Year 2000;
Education attainment defined as percent of residents with less than high-school graduate in the county; Person in poverty defined as percent of residents with income below 200% of poverty in the county.