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Summary of major cytokine changes in the premalignant and malignant milieu
| Cytokines | Premalignant | Malignant |
|---|---|---|
| IL-1 family | ||
| IL-1α | ↑ | ↑ |
| IL-1β | ↑ | ↑↑ |
| IL4 | ↑ | ↑ |
| IL-6 | ↑ | ↑ |
| IL-8 | ↑ | ↑ |
| IL-10 | ↑ | ↑ |
| TH17 cytokine | ||
| IL-17A | ↑ | ↑↑ |
| IL-17F | ↑ | ↑ |
| IL-21 | ↑ | ↓ |
| IL-22 | ↑ | ↑ |
| IL-33 | ↑ | ↑↑ |
| IFN-γ | ↑ | ↓↓ |
