Table 1.
Maternal baseline characteristics, overall and by maternal BMI in women with live singleton births, overall cohort
| BMI (n = 2921) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total n = 2921 |
Underweight n = 84 |
Normal n = 822 |
Overweight n = 718 |
Obese n = 1297 |
Chi2 p-value |
|
| Age (years) | <0.001 | |||||
| <20 | 294 (10) | 19 (23) | 146 (18) | 70 (10) | 59 (5) | |
| 20–24 | 619 (21) | 23 (27) | 223 (27) | 156 (22) | 217 (17) | |
| 25–29 | 836 (29) | 23 (27) | 213 (26) | 217 (030) | 383 (30) | |
| 30–34 | 729 (25) | 18 (21) | 172 (21) | 173 (24) | 366 (28) | |
| ≥35 | 443 (15) | 1 (1) | 68 (8) | 102 (14) | 272 (21) | |
| Median (IQR) | 28 (23–32) | 25 (21–28) | 25 (22–30) | 28 (23–32) | 29 (25–34) | |
| Height (cm) | 0.392 | |||||
| <155 | 990 (34) | 22 (26) | 275 (33) | 233 (32) | 460 (35) | |
| 156–161 | 1086 (37) | 35 (42) | 296 (36) | 261 (36) | 494 (38) | |
| ≥162 | 820 (28) | 27 (32) | 242 (29) | 208 (29) | 343 (26) | |
| Median (IQR) | 158 (154–162) | 159 (156–163) | 158 (154–162) | 158 (154–163) | 158 (154–162) | |
| HIV status | 0.279 | |||||
| HIV-uninfected | 1779 (61) | 48 (57) | 499 (61) | 420 (59) | 812 (63) | |
| HIV-infected | 1142 (39) | 36 (43) | 323 (39) | 298 (42) | 485 (37) | |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | <0.001 | |||||
| Normal (≥11.0) | 1124 (38) | 28 (33) | 257 (31) | 275 (38) | 564 (43) | |
| Mild anaemia (10–10.9) | 552 (19) | 13 (15) | 173 (21) | 133 (19) | 233 (18) | |
| Moderate anaemia (7–9.9) | 490 (17) | 20 (24) | 190 (23) | 121 (17) | 159 (12) | |
| Severe anaemia (<7) | 5 (0.2) | 0 | 4 (0.5) | 0 | 1 (0.1) | |
| Median (IQR) | 11 (10–11.9) | 10.7 (9.3–11.4) | 10.7 (9.7–11.6) | 11 (10–11.9) | 11.2 (10.3–12) | |
| Blood pressure (mmHg) | 0.343 | |||||
| Normotensive (<140/90) | 2770 (95) | 82 (98) | 796 (97) | 687 (96) | 1205 (93) | |
| Hypertensive (≥140/90) | 64 (2) | 2 (2) | 14 (2) | 13 (2) | 35 (3) | |
| Median SBP (IQR) | 113 (106–122) | 106 (100–117) | 109 (102–117) | 112 (106–120) | 116 (109–125) | |
| Median DBP (IQR) | 67 (60–74) | 64 (57–73) | 65 (59–71) | 67 (60–73) | 69 (62–77) | |
| GA at first ANC visit (weeks) | <0.001 | |||||
| 1st trimester (≤13) | 789 (27) | 14 (17) | 183 (22) | 208 (29) | 384 (30) | |
| 2nd trimester (14–28) | 1706 (58) | 51 (61) | 487 (59) | 423 (59) | 745 (57) | |
| 3rd trimester (>28) | 426 (15) | 19 (23) | 152 (18) | 87 (12) | 168 (13) | |
| Median (IQR) | 19 (13–25) | 24 (17–28) | 20 (14–27) | 18 (13–25) | 18 (13–24) | |
| Gravidity (number) | <0.001 | |||||
| 1 | 707 (24) | 33 (39) | 270 (33) | 189 (26) | 215 (17) | |
| 2 | 991 (34) | 30 (36) | 290 (35) | 233 (32) | 438 (34) | |
| ≥3 | 1221 (42) | 21 (25) | 262 (32) | 295 (41) | 643 (50) | |
| Median (IQR) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (2–3) | |
| Parity (number) | <0.001 | |||||
| 0 | 861 (29) | 37 (44) | 326 (40) | 231 (32) | 267 (21) | |
| 1 | 1088 (37) | 30 (36) | 294 (36) | 245 (34) | 519 (40) | |
| ≥2 | 970 (33) | 17 (20) | 202 (25) | 241 (34) | 510 (39) | |
| Median (IQR) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (1–2) | |
| Prior preterm delivery# (<37 weeks GA) | 0.514 | |||||
| Yes | 224 (8) | 8 (10) | 57 (7) | 48 (7) | 111 (9) | |
#
Among women with a previous pregnancy
SBP - systolic blood pressure, DBP - diastolic blood pressure, GA - gestational age, ANC - antenatal care