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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 Dec 4;18(11):2479–2490. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.11.049

Figure 2: Summary of most predictive factors in chronic idiopathic constipation.

Figure 2:

*urinary symptoms include nocturia, hesitancy, strain to start stream/empty bladder, and weak or prolonged stream (58 patients)

# Patients who are aware of anal sphincter contraction during BM were more likely to have RED (+) LR 2.8, whereas those who are unaware of sphincter contraction are less likely to have RED (−) LR 0.1 (83 patients) @ Dyssynergia overall: 2 of 4 criteria during simulated defecation: inability to contract abdominal muscles, inability to relax anal sphincter, paradoxical anal contraction, absent perineal descent

PR = puborectalis muscle