TABLE 3.
Mineralized cusps of mandibular postcanine teeth at birth in primates and a sister-group
| dp2 |
dp3 |
dp4 |
M1 |
M2 |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Species | # primary cuspsa | Crown mineralizationb | # primary cuspsc | Crown mineralization | # primary cuspsd | Paraconid? | Crown mineralization | # primary cuspsa | Crown mineralizationb | # primary cuspsa | Crown mineralizationb | Replacement teeth at birth?e |
| HAPLORHINES | ||||||||||||
| Catarrhini | ||||||||||||
| Cercopithecinae | ||||||||||||
| Allenopithecus nigroviridis | - | - | 4 | Crc | 4 | + | Crc | 4 | PC | - | - | None |
| Cercocebus atys | - | - | 4 | Crc | 4 | - | Crc | 4 | IC | - | - | None |
| Macaca mulatta | - | - | 4 | Crc | 4 | - | Crc | 4 | IC | - | - | None |
| Papio anubis | - | - | 4 | Crc | 4 | - | Crc | 4 | IC | - | - | None |
| Colobinae | ||||||||||||
| Colobus guereza | - | - | 4 | Crc | 4 | - | Crc | 3 | IC | - | - | None |
| Trachypithecus spp. | - | - | 4 | Crc | 4 | + | Crc | 4 | IC | - | - | None |
| Platyrrhini | ||||||||||||
| Atelidae | ||||||||||||
| Alouatta spp. | 1 | Crc | 4 | Crc | 4 | - | Crc | 3 | IC | - | - | None |
| Cebidae | ||||||||||||
| Callithrix spp. | 1 | PC/Crc | 1 | PC/Crc | 4 | - | Crc | 1 to 2 | IC | - | - | None |
| Cebuella pygmaea | 1 | PC/Crc | 1 | PC/Crc | 4 | + | Crc | 0 to 3 | IC | - | - | (I1,I2) |
| Leontopithecus rosalia | 1 | CRC | 2 | PC | 4 | - | PC | 1 | IC | - | - | None |
| Saguinus spp. | 1 | PC | 1 to 2 | PC | 4 | - | PC | 3 | PC/IC | 0 to 1 | IC | None |
| Saimiri boliviensis | 1 | Crc | 2 | Crc | 4 | - | Crc | 2 to 3 | IC | - | - | None |
| Pithecidae | ||||||||||||
| Aotus nancymaae | 1 to 2 | PC | 2 | Crc | 4 | - | Crc | 3 to 4 | IC | - | - | None |
| Callicebus cupreus | 1 | Crc | 2 | Crc | 4 | - | Crc | 3 | IC | - | - | (I1,I2) |
| Pithecia pithecia | 1 | Crc | 2 | Crc | 4 | - | Crc | 4 | PC | 1 | IC | - |
| Tarsiiformes | ||||||||||||
| Tarsius syrichta | 1 | Crc | 5 | + | Crc | 5/5 | Crc | 5/5 | PC | I1, C, P2-P4 | ||
| STREPSIRRHINES | ||||||||||||
| Lemuroidea | ||||||||||||
| Cheirogaleidae | ||||||||||||
| Cheirogaleus medius | 1 | Crc | 1 | PC | 4 | - | Crc | ¾ | PC | 1 to 2 | IC | I1,I2,C,P2 |
| Microcebus murinus | 1 | Crc | 1 | PC | 4 | - | Crc | 4 | PC | 1 | IC | I1,I2,C,P2 |
| Mirza coquereli | 1 | PC | 1 | PC | 4 | - | PC | 3 | PC | - | - | I1, I2 |
| Lemuridae | ||||||||||||
| Eulemur spp. | 1 | Crc | 1 | PC | 3–4 | + | Crc | 4 | IC | - | - | (I1, I2), C |
| Lemur catta | 1 | Crc | 1 | PC | 4 | + | Crc | 3 to 4 | IC | - | - | None |
| Hapalemur griseus | 1 | Crc | 1 | PC | 4 | + | Crc | 4 | PC | - | - | None |
| Varecia spp. | 1 | PC | 1 | PC | 3 | + | PC | 1 | IC | - | - | None |
| Indriidae | ||||||||||||
| Propithecus coquereli | 1 | Crc | - | PC | 4 | - | Crc | 4 | Crc | 4 | C/PC | I1,I2,P2,P4 |
| Lepilemuridae | ||||||||||||
| Lepilemur leucopus | 1 | Crc | 1 | C | 3 | + | Crc | 4 | Crc | 4 | C | I1,I2,C,P2,P3,P4 |
| Lorisoidea | ||||||||||||
| Galagidae | ||||||||||||
| Galago spp. | 1 | Crc | 1 | PC | 4 | + | Crc | 4 | IC | 1 to 2 | IC | I1,I2,C (P2) |
| Otolemur spp. | 1 | Crc | 1 | PC | 4 | + | Crc | 4 | IC/PC | 1 to 2 | IC | I1,I2,C,P2 |
| Lorisidae | ||||||||||||
| Nycticebus pygmaeus | 1 | Crc | 1 | PC | 4 | PC | 4 | PC | 1 to 3 | IC | I1,I2,C,P2 | |
| Scandentia | ||||||||||||
| Tupaia belangeri | 1 | IC | 1 | IC | 4 | + | IC | 3 | IC | - | - | None |
a
Number of primary cusps mineralized at birth.
b
Crown mineralization at birth (only described for neonates): IC, isolated cusps (at least two cusps isolated); PC, Partial crown (e.g., crown base poorly mineralized or isolated entoconid); Crc, crown complete or nearly so (e.g., basin only incomplete).
c
For dp3, this number excludes a paraconid (except for Tarsius and Tupaia), which may be present in some species (see text).
d
For dp4, this number excludes the paraconid, if present, but includes the hypoconulid in Lemur and Hapalemur.
e
Replacement teeth mineralized at birth: parentheses indicate variably mineralized.