Table 1.

Relevant studies published as of May 27th, 2020 on use of hydroxychloroquine for treatment of Covid-19 infection.

Study	Journal	Published Date	Study Population	Treatment Regimen	Outcome
Mercuro et al. [14] Single center, retrospective, observational study	JAMA Cardiology	May 1st, 2020	90 hospitalized subjects, mean age 60 years, 49% female	All patients Received HCQ, and 53 (59%) received HCQ+ AZM*	QTc prolongation (ΔQTc 21 ms), and those taking HCQ+AZM had greater QT prolongation than those taking HCQ alone. One patient developed torsades de pointes
Mahévas et al. [13] Comparative observational study	BMJ	May 5th, 2020	173 hospitalized subjects, median age 60 years, 28% female	84 patients received HCQ and 89 did not (control group)**	Rate of survival without transfer to the intensive care unit was not significantly different among those taking HCQ and those who did not (76 vs. 75%)
Geleris et al. [11] Single center, retrospective, observational study	NEJM	May 7th, 2020	1376 hospitalized subjects, 60.5% age ≥ 60 years, 43% female	811 (58.9%) received HCQ*** and 565 did not (control group).	No significant association between HCQ use and the primary outcome of intubation or death (HR 1.04, 95%CI 0.82–1.32). Results were similar in multiple sensitivity analyses.
Rosemberg et al. [12] Multicenter, retrospective, cohort study	JAMA	May 11th, 2020	1438 hospitalized subjects, median age, 63 years, 40.3% female	Four groups: 1) HCQ+AZM (n = 735), 2) HCQ alone (n = 271), 3) AZM alone (n = 211), or 4) neither drug (n = 221)¥	Overall in-hospital mortality rates in the four groups were 25.7% (1), 19.9% (2), 10.0% (3), and 12.7% (4), respectively, with no significant between-group differences after adjustment for potential confounders
Mehra et al. [10] Multinational registry study	The Lancet	May 22nd, 2020	671 hospitals in six continents for a total of 96,032 patients, mean age 53.8 years, 46.3% female	14,888 patients were in the treatment groups: 1868 received CQ, 3783 received CQ + macrolide, 3016 received HCQ, and 6221 received HCQ + macrolide§. 81,144 patients were in the control group	After controlling for multiple confounding factors when compared with mortality in the control group (9.3%); HCQ (18.0%; HR 1.3, 95%CI 1.2–1.5), HCQ+macrolide (23.8%; HR 1.5, 95%CI 1.4–1.5), CQ (16.4%; HR 1.4, 95%CI 1.2–1.5), and CQ+macrolide (22.2%; HR 1.4, 95%CI 1.3–1.5) were each independently associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality

Note: HCQ: hydroxychloroquine, AZM: azithromycin, CQ: chloroquine. HR: hazard ratio, CI: confidence interval. Treatment regimens: * HCQ 400 mg twice on day 1, then 400 mg daily on days 2 through 5; ** HCQ 600 mg/day within 48 h of admission; ** HCQ 600 mg twice on day 1, then 400 mg daily for a median of 5 days; ¥ refer to eTable1 of the original publication; § CQ alone, 765 mg for 6.6 days; HCQ alone, 596 mg for 4.2 days; CQ+macrolide, 790 mg for 6.8 days; and HCQ+macrolide, 597 mg for 4.3 days.