Table 1.
Summary of metabolism/proliferation based, chemokine receptor-targeted, SSTR-targeted probes illustrated in the present review
| Target | Disease | Preclinical/clinical | Radiotracer |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amino acid metabolism | Myocardial infarction | Clinical | 11C-methionine [36,38] |
| Preclinical | 14C-methionine [37] 11C-methionine [38] | ||
| Myocarditis | Preclinical | 11C-methionine [39] | |
| Choline metabolism | Atherosclerosis | Preclinical | 11C-Choline [42]; 18F-FCH [43] |
| Clinical | 11C-Choline [41]; 18F-FCH [44,45] | ||
| Proliferation | Atherosclerosis | Preclinical/clinical | 18F-FLT [47] |
| Abdominal aortic aneurysms | Preclinical | 18F-FLT [48] | |
| Chemokine receptors | |||
| CXCR4 | Myocardial infarction | Preclinical | 68Ga-pentixafor [57] |
| Clinical | 68Ga-pentixafor [57-59,158] | ||
| Atherosclerosis | Preclinical | 68Ga-pentixafor [60] | |
| Clinical | 68Ga-pentixafor [60-65] | ||
| CCR2 | Cardiac injury/Myocardial infarction | Preclinical | 68Ga-DOTA-ECL1i [69] |
| CCR5 | Atherosclerosis | Preclinical | 64Cu-DOTA-vMIP-II [70] |
| Vascular injury/Atherosclerosis | Preclinical | 64Cu-DOTA-DAPTA-comb [71]; 64Cu-DOTA-Vmip-II-comb [72] | |
| Somatostatin receptors (SSTR) | Myocardial infarction | Preclinical | 68Ga-DOTA-TATE and 68Ga-citrate [90] |
| Clinical | 68Ga-DOTA-TOC [86] | ||
| Sarcoidosis/Myocarditis/Pericarditis | Clinical | 68Ga-DOTA-TOC [84-87]; 68Ga-DOTA-NOC [88] | |
| 68Ga-DOTA-TATE [89] | |||
| Atherosclerosis | Preclinical | 68Ga-DOTA-TATE [75]; 68Ga-DOTA-NOC [79]; 18F-FDR-NOC [79] | |
| Clinical | 68Ga-DOTA-TATE [76-78,82,83]; 64Cu-DOTA-TATE [80,81] | ||
| 68Ga-DOTA-TOC [80] |