Table 1.

The representative literature of first three categories of organic subset were listed

Classification	Modified materials	Nanocomposites	Loaded drugs	In vitro/in vivo model	Results	references
Linear polymers	PEG, polyethylene glycol	FA/PEGylated GO nanosheet	HDAC1/K-Ras siRNAs	MIA PaCa-2 tumor bearing mice	Irradiation prompt the siRNA release; FA/GO/(HDAC1+K-Ras) siRNA showed 52% reduction of tumor volume	[24]
	PLGA, poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)	GO/PP-SS-DOX, GO/PEG-PLGA-doxorubicin	PEG-PLGA-SS-DOX	B16 tumor bearing mice	Redox-sensitive PP-SS-DOX specifically release DOX in cancer cells, result in higher inhibition rate than free DOX	[29]
	PDA, polydopamine	rGO-PDA	Ara, cytarabine hydrochloride	HeLa cells tumor bearing mice	Greater inhibition of cancer cell and tumor growth than free Ara when combine the chemotherapy and phototherapy	[34]
	PVP, polyvinylpyrrolidone	PVP-rGO/Bi2S3	DOX	BEL-7402 tumor bearing mice	Greater inhibition of cancer cell and tumor growth than free DOX when combine the chemotherapy and phototherapy	[37]
Nonlinear polymers	PEI, polyethylenimine	GO-PEG-PEI	Cas9/sgRNA (EGFP and CXCR-4)	AGS.EGFP cells	Transfection efficacy is about 39%	[179]
	PAMAM, polyamidoamine	GPD, GO-PEG-PAMAM	EPAC1 siRNA tagged with Cy5	HUVEC cells MDA-MB-231	Higher transfection capability than Lipofectamine 2000; A maximum transfection efficiency of 56.5%; lower cell invasion	[57]
	hPG, hyperbranched polyglycerol	nanographene sheets-hPG	DOX	HeLa cells tumor bearing mice	Efficiently inhibit tumor growth	[59]
Polysaccharide	CHI, chitosan	GC-GO, galactosylated chitosan-GO	DOX	HepG2 tumor bearing mice	GC-GO-DOX shown higher inhibition rate than free DOX	[64]
	CMC, carboxymethyl cellulose	CMC-GO nanocomposite hydrogel beads	DOX	SW480 cells	GO-CMC/DOX complexes shown lower cytotoxicity under the same conditions than free DOX	[65]
	CD, cyclodextrins	GO-HP-β-CD, GO-hydrophilic hydroxypropyl-β-CD	DEX, dexamethasone		No anticancer assay	[71]
	ALG, alginate	GO-ALG	5-FU, 5-fluorouracil	HT-29 tumor bearing mice	Mice treated with GO-ALG/5-FU showed prolonged survival time and inhibited tumor growth	[73]