Table 2.
Mean ± SD of different parameters in the 4 studied groups
| Control | T2DM patients | p value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G1 (n = 20) | G2 (n = 22) | G3 (n = 35) | G4 (n = 19) | |||
| Age (years) | 47.5 ± 9.9 | 47.0 ± 9.2 | 48.7 ± 8.5 | 53.9 ± 8.4 | 0.066 | |
| Gender | Male | 13 (65%) | 8 (36.4%) | 12 (34.3%) | 4 (21%) | 0.034 |
| Female | 7 (35%) | 14 (63.6%) | 23 (65.7%) | 15 (79%) | ||
| Dur. (years) | – | 13.9 ± 6.1 | 17.7 ± 7.5 | 18.9 ± 4.8 | 0.02 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.8 ± 3.1 | 27.6 ± 3.3 | 28.2 ± 3.3 | 29.1 ± 3.2 | >0.001 | |
| s-FG (mmol/L) | 5.2 ± 0.34 | 6.3 ± 1.9 | 6.8 ± 1.8 | 7.2 ± 2.1 | 0.002 | |
| s–Cr (mg/dL) | 1.2 ± 0.19 | 1.33 ± 0.20 | 1.3 ± 0.24 | 1.5 ± 0.20 | 0.010 | |
| s- alb (g/L) | 40.5 ± 3.2 | 38.7 ± 3.6 | 37.0 ± 4.3 | 34.9 ± 5.7 | 0.001 | |
| GA % | 13.1 ± 1.6 | 14.2 ± 3.1 | 15.5 ± 4.7 | 16.9 ± 5.5 | 0.024 | |
| HbA1c% | 6.5 ± 0.9 | 7.0 ± 2.0 | 7.6 ± 2.3 | 8.5 ± 1.6 | 0.022 | |
| Serum sestrin2 (ng/mL) | 5.9 ± 1.9 | 5.6 ± 2.9 | 3.7 ± 1.7 | 3.1 ± 1.4 | >0.001 | |
| Serum betatrophin (ng/mL) | 30.9 ± 5.8 | 34.4 ± 1.9 | 42.1 ± 8.4 | 51.7 ± 9.2 | >0.001 | |
| sNGAL (ng/mL) | 66.7 ± 21.6 | 158.7 ± 83.2 | 211.3 ± 77.1 | 558.4 ± 189.5 | >0.001 | |
T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, SD standard deviation, Dur duration of diabetes in years, BMI body mass index, s-FG serum fasting glucose, s–Cr serum creatinine, s-alb serum albumin, GA% serum glycated albumin%, HbA1c% glycosylated hemoglobin%, sNGAL serum neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin