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. 2020 May 28;11:567. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00567

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Copyright © 2020 Renzaglia, Browning and Merced.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Substomatal cavities and intercellular spaces. (A–D) Dicranum scoparium. (A) LM tangential section of expanding capsule showing stomata (arrow) and associated intercellular spaces are liquid-filled (arrow heads). (B) TEM of circumsporangial space filled with dense filamentous material. (C) Immunogold labeling TEM shows the liquid in the developing circumsporangial space is positive for the LM19 antibody that recognize homogalacturonan pectin (small black dots). (D) Substomatal cavity begins to form before pore opening. (E,F) TEM micrographs of Physcomtrium patens. (E) Small round pore (arrow) of the single-celled stoma. (F) Reduced substomatal cavity^∗. (G) LM of liquid-filled intercellular spaces (arrowhead) that are part of the circumsporangial space and not associated with the epidermis of a P. patens class 1 KNOX mutant that lacks stomata. Bars: (A) = 25 μm; (B,D–F) = 4 μm; (C) = 200 nm; (G) = 20 μm.