FIGURE 1.

A visualization of the correlations between the subscales of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) (a measure of trait empathy; Davis, 1980), liking for nominally sad music excerpts, and feelings of being moved evoked by nominally sad excerpts. Note that the generally low correlations are addressed in the “Discussion” section. The correlations between the trait empathy subscales (Empathic Concern, Fantasy, Perspective-Taking, and Fantasy) are taken from Davis (1983); (N = 1344, American undergraduates). The studies and sample sizes for the other correlations are listed below. ¹Vuoskoski and Eerola (2017): N = 308, diverse nationalities. ²Eerola et al. (2016): N = 102, a representative sample of Finnish adults. ³Vuoskoski et al. (2012): N = 131, Finnish university students. ⁴Kawakami and Katahira (2015): N = 84, Japanese children (mean age: 11.9 years).