Table 1.
Clinical trials performed on Chromium and its compounds to evaluate its beneficial effects on lipid profile (HDL, LDL, cholesterol and TG)
| Study | Design | No. of subjects | Chromium supplement (dose) | Key result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with diabetes or IGT | ||||
| Abraham, Brooks, and Eylath (69) | R,PC | 76 (25 with diabetes) | CrCl3(250 μg/day) | TG↓, HDL cholesterol↑ |
| Bahijri et al. (70) | R,DB,PC,CO | 78 (type 2 diabetes) | CrCl3(250 μg/day),brewer’s yeast (23.3 μg/day Cr3+) | TG↓, HDL cholesterol↑ |
| Lee and Reasner (71) | DB,PC,CO | 30 (type 2 diabetes) | CrP(200 μg/day) | TG ↓ |
| Anderson et al. (72) | R,PC | 180 (type 2 diabetes) | CrP(200 or 1000 μg/day) | Total cholesterol ↓ |
| Ghosh et al. (73) | DB,PC,CO | 50 (type 2 diabetes) | Cr3 (200 μg/day) | Nochange |
| Chen S, Sun, and Chen X (74) | R | 188 (type 2 diabetes) | JKT | TG ↓ |
| Uusitupa et al. (75) | DB,PC,CO | 10 (type 2 diabetes) | Cr3(200 μg/day) | Nochange |
| Rabinowitz et al. (76) | R,DB,PC,CO | 43 | Brewer’s yeast | Nochange |
| Uusitupa et al. (77) | R,PC | 26 (all with IGT) |
Brewer’s yeast (160 μg/dayCr3+) |
Nochange |
| Offenbacher and Pi-Sunyer (78) | R | 24 (8 with type 2 diabetes) | Brewer’s yeast | Total cholesterol ↓ |
| Evans (79) | DB | 11 (type 2 diabetes) | CrP (200 μg/day) | LDL cholesterol ↓, apoB ↓, HDL cholesterol ↑, apoA-I ↑ |
| Individuals without diabetes | ||||
| Roeback et al. (80) | R,DB,PC | 72 | GTF-Cr(600 μg/day) | HDL cholesterol ↑ |
| Riales and Albrink (81) | R,DB,PC | 23 | CrCl3(200 μg/day) CrCl3 | HDL cholesterol ↑ |
| Press,Geller,andEvans (82) | DB,PC,CO | 28 | CrP(200 μg/day) | Total cholesterol ↓, LDL cholesterol ↓, apoB ↓, apoA-I ↑ |
| Preuss, Wallerstedt, and Talpur (83) | R,DB,PC | 40 | CrP(400 μg/day) | LDL cholesterol ↓ |
| Volpe et al. (84) | R,PC | 44 | CrP(400 μg/day) | Nochange |
| Wilson and Gondy (18) | R,DB,PC | 26 | CrN(220 μg/day) | Nochange |
| Amato, Morales, and Yen (85) | R,DB,PC | 19 | CrP(1000 μg/day) | Nochange |
| Cefalu et al. (86) | R,DB,PC | 29 | CrP(1000 μg/day) | Total cholesterol ↓ |
↑, Increased: ↓, decreased: apo, apolipoprotein: CO, Crossover, Cr, trivalent chromium, CrN, chromium nicotinate: DB, Double Blind: JKT, jiangtangkang: PC, Placebo Controlled: R, Randomized: TG, Triglyceride