Table 2.

Themes and codes of the data analysis.

Research Question	Themes	Codes
How was the perception of the undergraduate students regarding the nature of the practice of empathy developed by the integration of empathy-training in an English language course?	Understanding the importance of emotional attachment to a friend's problem	Using logic; maintaining emotional connectivity; embracing others' perception
	Feeling the necessity of valuing others' time as an act of empathy	Maintaining a social balance; development of interpersonal communication skills; development of time management skills
	Realizing the importance of listening to others	Building teamwork skills; securing effective communication
	Perceiving lying as an act of empathy	Maintaining interpersonal relationship; delivering motivation
	Understanding the importance of empathetic manners	Spreading harmony in the society; projecting a positive self-image
	The intensity of emotion	Fluctuations of emotion based on gender; controlling emotion because of the social reality and self-security
	Dexterity in dealing with social issues	Exposure to diverse communities; non-judgmental perception