Table 1.
Main features of the 15 studies that compared tight versus standard blood pressure targets in Asian patient with hypertension.a
| Study, year | Asayama et al 201225 | Fan et al 201726 | JATOS 200827 | Kamishima et al 201928 | Kario et al 201429 | Lee et al 201730 | Lee et al 201831 | Ogihara et al 200932,33 | Ogihara et al 201034 | Teramoto 201235 | Wan et al 201836 | Wei et al 201337 | Yamashita 201338 | Yamazaki et al 201339 | Zheng et al 201540 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | Japan | China | Japan | Japan | Japan | Korea | Korea | Japan | Japan | Japan | China | China | Japan | Japan | China |
| Study design | RCT, PROBE | Post-hoc analysis of RCT | RCT, PROBE | Post-hoc analysis of RCT | OS, prospective | OS, retrospective | OS, retrospective | Post-hoc analysis of RCT | RCT, PROBE | OS, prospective | OS, retrospective | RCT, PROBE | Post-hoc analysis of RCT | OS, prospective | OS, prospective |
| Follow-up, years | 5.31 | 4.5 | 2 | 4.2 | 2.02 | 8.3 | 11 | 3.2 | 3.07 | 2.7 | 4.8 | 4 | 3.2 | 2.93 | 4.8 |
| Sample size, n | 3518 | 9676 | 4418 | 1237 | 14745 | 1584 | 242298 | 2416 | 3079 | 9142 | 25935 | 724 | 1061 | 12705 | 2164 |
| Mean age, yearsb | 59.6 | 59.3 | 73.6 | 64.8 | 64.9 | 59.9 | 56.9 | 63.9 | 76.1 | 64.9 | 66.8 | 76.6 | 64.6 | 69.2 | |
| Males, % | 1763 (50) | 4029 (41.6) | 1717 (38.9) | 992 (80.2) | 7225 (49) | 867 (54.7) | 136606 (56.4) | 1336 (55.3) | 1155 (37.6) | 4607 (50.4) | 12111 (46.7) | 480 (66.3) | 6454 (50.8) | 1047 (48.4) | |
| Smoking, % | 770 (22) | 2241 (23.19) | 595 (13.5) | 777 (62.83) | 1769 (12) | 402 (25.4) | 47649 (20.46) | 766 (31.7) | 592 (19.2) | 1673 (18.3) | 2516 (9.7) | 180 (24.85) | 3024 (23.8) | 939 (43.38) | |
| Drinking, % | 1731 (50) | - | - | - | 2359 (16) | 115 (7.3) | - | 1389 (57.5) | - | 2386 (26.1) | - | - | - | 576 (26.6) | |
| DM, % | 538 (15) | 0 | 521 (11.8) | 471 (38.1) | 3096 (21) | 93 (5.9) | 14938 (6.2) | 1039 (43) | 399 (13) | 2230 (24.4) | 25935 (100) | 169 (23.34) | 2566 (20.2) | 14 (0.7) | |
| Previous CV disease, % | 106 (3) | 0 | 134 (3) | 1237 (100) | 737 (5) | 1584 (100) | 0 | 312 (12.9) | 153 (5) | 895 (9.8) | 0 | - | 2376 (18.7) | 182 (8.4) | |
| CKD, % | 0 | 439 (9.9) | - | 2949 (20) | - | 1362 (0.6) | 577 (23.9) | 43 (1.4) | 658 (7.2) | 1659 (6.4) | - | 1054 (8.3) | |||
| Dyslipidemia, % | 1190 (34) | - | 2301 (52.1) | 734 (59.35) | 6635 (45) | - | 46994 (19.4) | 1075 (44.5) | 1156 (37.5) | 4406 (48.2) | 4142 (32.6) | 126 (5.83) | |||
| Previous stroke, % | - | 0 | 192 (4.3) | - | 1032 (7) | 1584 (100) | 0 | 246 (10.2) | 202 (6.5) | 466 (5.1) | 0 | 6.65 | 1232 (9.7) | 171 (7.9) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.4 | 24.7 | 23.6 | 24.61 | 24.3 | 24.35 | 24.06 | 24.5 | 23.5 | 24.75 | 26.27 | 23.35 | - | 22.7 | |
| Baseline SBP, mmHg | 154.2 | 160.76 | 171.55 | 135.3 | 153.6 | 133.41 | 136.99 | 162.7 | 169.5 | 157.4 | 151.67 | 159.5 | 161.9 | 158.23 | |
| Baseline DBP, mmHg | 90.2 | 92.89 | 89.1 | 75.67 | 87.1 | 82.55 | 85.66 | 91.6 | 81.45 | 88.8 | 80.19 | 84.25 | 91.1 | 90.11 | |
| Target BP definitions, mmHg | |||||||||||||||
| Lower target | <125/80 | 120-130 and <80 | <140 | 120-130 | <130 | <130 | 2017 AHA/ACC | <130 | <140 | <130/85 | 120-130 | <140/90 | <130 and <80 | 120-130 | 130-139 |
| Higher target | 125-134/80-84 | 130-139 and 80-90 | 140-160 | 130-140 | 130-140 | 130-140 | JNC8 | 130-140 | 140-149 | 130-139/85-89 | 130-140 | 140-150/90 | 130-139 and 80-90 | 130-140 | 140-149 |
| BP measurement method | Home | Clinic | Clinic | Clinic | Home and Clinic | Clinic | Clinic | Clinic | Clinic | Clinic | Clinic | Clinic | Clinic | Clinic | Clinic |
| On-treatment BP calculation | Average BP during follow-up | Average BP during follow-up | Average BP during follow-up | Average BP during follow-up | Average BP during follow-up | Average BP during follow-up | Average BP during follow-up | BP at last visit | Average BP during follow-up | - | More 50% of follow-up records | Average BP during follow-up | Average BP during follow-up | BP at last visit | Average BP during follow-up |
| Glucose, mmol/l | 5.85 | 5.4 | 5.68 | - | 5.88 | 5.84 | - | - | - | 6.24 | - | - | - | ||
| Cholesterol, mmol/l | 5.46 | 5.5 | 5.33 | - | 5.24 | 5.35 | 5.17 | - | - | - | - | 4.52 | - | - | |
| LDL, mmol/l | - | - | - | - | 3.07 | - | 3.06 | - | - | 3.18 | 2.96 | 2.85 | - | - | |
| HDL, mmol/l | - | 1.4 | 1.46 | - | 1.52 | - | 1.41 | - | - | 1.49 | - | 1.41 | - | - | |
| Triglycerides, mmol/l | - | 1.6 | 1.54 | - | 1.51 | - | 1.59 | - | - | 1.63 | 1.68 | 1.55 | - | - | |
| Prior antihypertensive treatment, % | - | 4239 (43.8) | 2475 (60) | - | 7372 (50) | - | - | 1645 (68.1) | 1537 (49.9) | 4406 (48.2) | - | - | 6314 (49.7) | 493 (22.8) | |
| ACEI/ARB, % | - | - | 1503 (34) | 1081 (87.4) | 3686 (25) | 1102 (69.6) | - | - | 635 (20.6) | - | 19384 (74.74) | - | 3303 (26) | 163 (7.5) | |
| Beta-blocker, % | - | - | 300 (6.8) | 585 (47.32) | 884 (6) | 423 (26.7) | - | - | 130 (4.2) | - | 11645 (44.9) | - | 1258 (9.9) | - | |
| Ca antagonist, % | - | - | 1174 (26.5) | 622 (50.31) | 5308 (36) | 1131 (71.4) | - | - | 1001 (32.5) | - | 21163 (81.6) | - | 5044 (39.7) | 45 (2.1) | |
| Diuretics, % | - | - | 156 (3.5) | 112 (9.02) | 884 (6) | 411 (25.9) | - | - | 133 (4.3) | - | 4253 (16.4) | - | 1219 (9.6) | 7 (0.3) | |
| Lipid-lowering treatment, % | - | 81 (0.8) | - | 547 (44.26) | 4128 (28) | 702 (44.3) | - | - | 706 (22.9) | - | 6782 (26.15) | - | 2782 (21.9) | - |
RCT: randomized controlled trial, PROBE: prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded end-point evaluation, OS: observational study, DM: diabetes mellitus, CV: cardiovascular, CKD: chronic kidney disease, BMI: body mass index, SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, LDL: low-density lipoprotein, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, AHA/ACC: the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology, JNC8: the Eighth Joint National Committee, ACEI/ARB: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin-II receptor blocker.
a
The table represents only the study characteristics for which data were available from the majority of reports.
b
For this and the following study characteristics, some statistics were calculated indirectly from the available published data, so that they could be only approximations of real data.