Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of 586 Patients With Pyogenic Vertebral Osteomyelitis
| Patient Characteristic | Patients |
|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD, y | 65.1 ± 12.5 |
| Male | 371 (63.3) |
| Comorbidity | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 180 (30.7) |
| Solid tumora | 84 (14.3) |
| Chronic renal disease | 61 (10.4) |
| Cirrhosis | 55 (9.4) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 39 (6.6) |
| Congestive heart failure | 29 (4.9) |
| Immunosuppressantb | 28 (4.8) |
| Hematologic malignancy | 14 (2.4) |
| Blunt trauma | 14 (2.4) |
| Spinal location | |
| Cervical spine | 40 (6.8) |
| Thoracic spine | 115 (19.6) |
| Lumbar spine | 387 (66.0) |
| Sacrum | 44 (7.5) |
| Predisposing condition | |
| Epidural block | 111 (18.9) |
| Vertebroplasty | 19 (3.2) |
| No. of vertebrae involved | |
| ≤2 | 471 (80.4) |
| ≥3 | 115 (19.6) |
| Concomitant infective endocarditis | 42 (7.2) |
| Etiology | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 255 (43.5) |
| MSSA | 157 (26.8) |
| MRSA | 98 (16.7) |
| MSCNS | 12 (2.0) |
| MRCNS | 19 (3.2) |
| Enterococcus species | 22 (3.8) |
| Streptococcus species | 118 (20.1) |
| Gram-negative bacilli | 130 (22.2) |
| Anaerobes | 11 (1.9) |
| Polymicrobial | 9 (1.5) |
| Otherc | 10 (1.7) |
Data are presented as No. (%) of patients unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: MRCNS, methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; MSCNS, methicillin-sensitive coagulase-negative Staphylococcus; MSSA, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus.
aActive localized or metastatic solid tumor.
bCorticosteroids (>10 mg of prednisolone daily within 4 weeks), cytoreductive agents, immunophilin binding agents, mycophenolate, anti–tumor necrosis factor agents, or other monoclonal antibodies.
cThe other bacteria (count) were Ralstonia mannitolilytica (1), Listeria monocytogenes (1), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (1), Burkholderia cepacia (1), Neisseria species (2), Granulicatella adiacens (1), Lactococcus gravieae (2), and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (1).