Table 2.

Pathological characteristics among nonproteinuric and proteinuric diabetic kidney disease

Pathological characteristics at biopsy	Propensity matched cohort
	Nonproteinurics (n = 82)	Proteinurics (n = 164)	p value
Fioretto classification (%)			< 0.001
CI	62	17
CII	20	66
CIII	18	17
Tervaert (RPS) classification (%)			< 0.001
I	31	4
IIa	22	14
IIb	10	20
III	25	52
IV	2	10
Japanese classification
Glomerular lesions
GS (%)	16 (6, 37)	33 (17, 44)	< 0.001
Diffuse lesion (%)			< 0.001
0	16	1
1	43	17
2	17	29
3	24	53
GBM doubling (%)			0.001
0	66	23
1	17	41
2	8	23
3	9	13
Exudative lesion (%)	24	61	< 0.001
Nodular lesion (%)	22	54	< 0.001
Mesangiolysis (%)	19	49	< 0.001
Polar vasculosis (%)	54	73	0.014
Glomerulomegaly (%)	26	37	0.13
Interstitial lesions
IFTA (%)			< 0.001
0	11	2
1	53	24
2	23	37
3	13	37
Inflammation (%)			0.021
0	15	4
1	62	64
2	18	22
3	5	10
Vascular lesions
Arteriolar hyalinosis (%)			0.002
0	15	4
1	23	16
2	29	48
3	33	32
Arteriosclerosis (%)			0.002
0	16	5
1	35	51
2	47	44
3	2	0

Adapted from Yamanouchi et al. [24]. Copyright 2019 by the American Diabetes Association

Data are expressed as the mean (standard deviation), median (25th, 75th percentiles), or percentage

Fioretto Classification; CI, normal or near normal renal structure; CII, typical diabetic kidney disease; CIII, A typical patterns of renal injury; Tervaert (RPS) classification, Renal Pathology Society diabetic kidney disease classification; I; Mild or nonspecific light microscopy changes and electron microscopy-proven glomerular membrane thickening; IIa; Mild mesangial expansion; IIb, Severe mesangial expansion; III; Nodular sclerosis (Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesion); IV, Advanced diabetic glomerulosclerosis; GS, percentage of glomerulosclerosis defined as the number of global or segmental sclerosis glomeruli per total glomeruli; GBM, glomerular basement membrane; IFTA, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy